| Summary: | Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates are serious threats in intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with CRAB colonization and infection among adult ICU patients.
Materials and Methods: Patients hospitalized in the surgical/medical ICU for more than 48 hours were screened for CRAB acquisition. Environmental cultures were also performed. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility were determined with Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, France). blaOXA-23, bla0XA-40, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-58 genes were investigated by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Hyplex® CarbOxa ID, Germany). DiversiLab (bioMérieux, France) was used for clonal relationship analysis. Chi-square and t-test were used for comparison of data. Logistic regression backward LR model was performed to assess factors independently associated with ICU CRAB acquisition.
Results: Three hundred and ten patients were screened and 103 (33.2%) were found to be colonized with CRAB. blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes were found to be positive in all. DiversiLab showed that majority of the isolates came from a single clone. Clinical infection versus asymptomatic carriage ratio was approximately 1:2. Status of unconsciousness [p=0.049, OR: 2.37 (95% CI: 1.35-4.14)], staying ≥15 days in ICU [p=0.000, OR: 6.55 (95% CI: 3.70-11.61)], and prior history of carbapenem use [p=0.003, OR: 2.45 (95% CI: 1.36-4.41) were found to be the independent risk factors for CRAB colonization. When multivariate analysis was performed for risk factors for A. baumannii infections, CRAB colonization [p=0.000, OR: 8.25 (95% CI: 3.51-19.40), mechanical ventilator use [p=0.016, OR: 3.38 (95% CI: 1.25-9.149)], staying ≥15 days in ICU [p=0.000, OR: 11.17 (95% CI: 3.59-34.71)], and prior history of carbapenem use [p=0.000, OR: 2.63 (95% CI: 1.19-5.86)] were detected as independent risk factors.
Conclusion: CRAB colonization leads to infection. Taking the necessary precautions in ICUs before colonization is important.
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