Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/1/85 |
| _version_ | 1797410677921415168 |
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| author | Jooho Park Yong-Kyu Lee In-Kyu Park Seung Rim Hwang |
| author_facet | Jooho Park Yong-Kyu Lee In-Kyu Park Seung Rim Hwang |
| author_sort | Jooho Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests for second-generation photosensitizers with improved physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, or singlet oxygen quantum yield have been conducted. Progress is also being made in cancer theranostics by using fluorescent signals generated by photosensitizers. In order to obtain the effective cytotoxic effects on the target cells and prevent off-target side effects, photosensitizers need to be localized to the target tissue. The use of nanocarriers combined with photosensitizers can enhance accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor site, owing to preferential extravasation of nanoparticles into the tumor vasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers provide good loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophobic photosensitizers. In addition, prodrug nanomedicines for PDT can be activated by stimuli in the tumor site. In this review, we introduce current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for PDT and discuss the expected future direction of research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:33:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f705abf723141f1ba5e3f02be154d7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:33:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f705abf723141f1ba5e3f02be154d7e2023-12-03T13:31:55ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-01-01918510.3390/biomedicines9010085Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic TherapyJooho Park0Yong-Kyu Lee1In-Kyu Park2Seung Rim Hwang3Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, KoreaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, KoreaPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests for second-generation photosensitizers with improved physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, or singlet oxygen quantum yield have been conducted. Progress is also being made in cancer theranostics by using fluorescent signals generated by photosensitizers. In order to obtain the effective cytotoxic effects on the target cells and prevent off-target side effects, photosensitizers need to be localized to the target tissue. The use of nanocarriers combined with photosensitizers can enhance accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor site, owing to preferential extravasation of nanoparticles into the tumor vasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers provide good loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophobic photosensitizers. In addition, prodrug nanomedicines for PDT can be activated by stimuli in the tumor site. In this review, we introduce current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for PDT and discuss the expected future direction of research.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/1/85nanomedicinephotodynamic therapyphotosensitizernanocarrierself-assemblyprodrug |
| spellingShingle | Jooho Park Yong-Kyu Lee In-Kyu Park Seung Rim Hwang Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy Biomedicines nanomedicine photodynamic therapy photosensitizer nanocarrier self-assembly prodrug |
| title | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_full | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_short | Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_sort | current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for clinically available photodynamic therapy |
| topic | nanomedicine photodynamic therapy photosensitizer nanocarrier self-assembly prodrug |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/1/85 |
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