Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout
The implantation of optical sensors is a promising method for monitoring physiological parameters of organisms in vivo. For this, suitable hydrogels are required that can provide a biocompatible interface with the organism’s tissues. Amorphous hydrogel is advantageous for administration in animal or...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| author | Ekaterina Borvinskaya Svetlana Matrosova Irina Sukhovskaya Polina Drozdova Evgeniy Titov Inna Anikienko Yulia Lubyaga Anton Gurkov Maxim Timofeyev |
| author_facet | Ekaterina Borvinskaya Svetlana Matrosova Irina Sukhovskaya Polina Drozdova Evgeniy Titov Inna Anikienko Yulia Lubyaga Anton Gurkov Maxim Timofeyev |
| author_sort | Ekaterina Borvinskaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The implantation of optical sensors is a promising method for monitoring physiological parameters of organisms in vivo. For this, suitable hydrogels are required that can provide a biocompatible interface with the organism’s tissues. Amorphous hydrogel is advantageous for administration in animal organs due to its ease of injection compared to resilient analogs. In this study, we investigated the applicability of a semi-liquid 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAH) as a scaffold for fluorescent polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMs) in rainbow trout. The hydrogel was injected subcutaneously into the adipose fin, which is a small, highly translucent fold of skin in salmonids that is convenient for implanting optical sensors. Using histological methods, we compared tissue organization and in vivo stability of the applied hydrogel at the injection site after administration of uncoated PMs or PMs coated with 2.5% PAAH (PMs-PAAH) for a period of 3 to 14 days. Our results showed that the introduction of PMs into the gel did not have a masking effect, as they were recognized, engulfed, and carried away by phagocytes from the injection site. However, both PMs and PMs-PAAH were found to provoke chronic inflammation at the injection site, although according to cytokine expression in the fish spleen, the irritating effect was local and did not affect the systemic immunity of the fish. Therefore, our study suggests low applicability of 2.5% polyacrylamide as a scaffold for injectable sensors within a timeframe of days. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:05Z |
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| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f705f926d3b425bad4cad687a5ee3582023-11-19T01:13:28ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-08-019862910.3390/gels9080629Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow TroutEkaterina Borvinskaya0Svetlana Matrosova1Irina Sukhovskaya2Polina Drozdova3Evgeniy Titov4Inna Anikienko5Yulia Lubyaga6Anton Gurkov7Maxim Timofeyev8Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University, 185640 Petrozavodsk, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Ecology and Agricultural Technologies of the Petrozavodsk State University, 185640 Petrozavodsk, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, RussiaEast Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 665827 Angarsk, RussiaDepartment of Animal Morphology and Veterinary Sanitation, Irkutsk State Agrarian University n.a. A.A. Ezhevsky, 664038 Molodezhniy, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, RussiaInstitute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664025 Irkutsk, RussiaThe implantation of optical sensors is a promising method for monitoring physiological parameters of organisms in vivo. For this, suitable hydrogels are required that can provide a biocompatible interface with the organism’s tissues. Amorphous hydrogel is advantageous for administration in animal organs due to its ease of injection compared to resilient analogs. In this study, we investigated the applicability of a semi-liquid 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAH) as a scaffold for fluorescent polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMs) in rainbow trout. The hydrogel was injected subcutaneously into the adipose fin, which is a small, highly translucent fold of skin in salmonids that is convenient for implanting optical sensors. Using histological methods, we compared tissue organization and in vivo stability of the applied hydrogel at the injection site after administration of uncoated PMs or PMs coated with 2.5% PAAH (PMs-PAAH) for a period of 3 to 14 days. Our results showed that the introduction of PMs into the gel did not have a masking effect, as they were recognized, engulfed, and carried away by phagocytes from the injection site. However, both PMs and PMs-PAAH were found to provoke chronic inflammation at the injection site, although according to cytokine expression in the fish spleen, the irritating effect was local and did not affect the systemic immunity of the fish. Therefore, our study suggests low applicability of 2.5% polyacrylamide as a scaffold for injectable sensors within a timeframe of days.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/629polyacrylamidehydrogelnon−biodegradableinjectable implantsfishrainbow trout |
| spellingShingle | Ekaterina Borvinskaya Svetlana Matrosova Irina Sukhovskaya Polina Drozdova Evgeniy Titov Inna Anikienko Yulia Lubyaga Anton Gurkov Maxim Timofeyev Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout Gels polyacrylamide hydrogel non−biodegradable injectable implants fish rainbow trout |
| title | Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout |
| title_full | Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout |
| title_fullStr | Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout |
| title_short | Tissue Reaction to Low-Density Polyacrylamide Gel as a Carrier for Microimplants in the Adipose Fin of Rainbow Trout |
| title_sort | tissue reaction to low density polyacrylamide gel as a carrier for microimplants in the adipose fin of rainbow trout |
| topic | polyacrylamide hydrogel non−biodegradable injectable implants fish rainbow trout |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/629 |
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