Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been introduced and applied to a wide spectrum of acute and chronic ligament and tendon pathologic conditions. Although the biological effect of PRP has been studied thoroughly in both animal and human studies, there is no consensus so far on the exact mechanism of its...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2744 |
| _version_ | 1797624283066793984 |
|---|---|
| author | Byron Chalidis Panagiotis Givissis Pericles Papadopoulos Charalampos Pitsilos |
| author_facet | Byron Chalidis Panagiotis Givissis Pericles Papadopoulos Charalampos Pitsilos |
| author_sort | Byron Chalidis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been introduced and applied to a wide spectrum of acute and chronic ligament and tendon pathologic conditions. Although the biological effect of PRP has been studied thoroughly in both animal and human studies, there is no consensus so far on the exact mechanism of its action as well as the optimal timing and dosage of its application. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review aiming to evaluate the molecular effect of the administration of PRP in tendoligamentous injuries and degenerative diseases. The literature search revealed 36 in vitro and in vivo studies examining the healing and remodeling response of animal and human ligament or tendon tissues to PRP. Platelet-rich plasma added in the culture media was highly associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, viability and total collagen production of both ligament- and tendon-derived cells in in vitro studies, which was further confirmed by the upregulation of collagen gene expression. In vivo studies correlated the PRP with higher fibroblastic anabolic activity, including increased cellularity, collagen production and vascularity of ligament tissue. Similarly, greater metabolic response of tenocytes along with the acceleration of the healing process in the setting of a tendon tear were noticed after PRP application, particularly between the third and fourth week after treatment. However, some studies demonstrated that PRP had no or even negative effect on tendon and ligament regeneration. This controversy is mainly related to the variable processes and methodologies of preparation of PRP, necessitating standardized protocols for both investigation and ap-plication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:40:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f75d2fd04c542f1a9c72d0e1f22209e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:40:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f75d2fd04c542f1a9c72d0e1f22209e2023-11-16T17:01:42ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01243274410.3390/ijms24032744Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic ReviewByron Chalidis0Panagiotis Givissis1Pericles Papadopoulos2Charalampos Pitsilos31st Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece1st Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece2nd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece2nd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, GreecePlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been introduced and applied to a wide spectrum of acute and chronic ligament and tendon pathologic conditions. Although the biological effect of PRP has been studied thoroughly in both animal and human studies, there is no consensus so far on the exact mechanism of its action as well as the optimal timing and dosage of its application. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review aiming to evaluate the molecular effect of the administration of PRP in tendoligamentous injuries and degenerative diseases. The literature search revealed 36 in vitro and in vivo studies examining the healing and remodeling response of animal and human ligament or tendon tissues to PRP. Platelet-rich plasma added in the culture media was highly associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, viability and total collagen production of both ligament- and tendon-derived cells in in vitro studies, which was further confirmed by the upregulation of collagen gene expression. In vivo studies correlated the PRP with higher fibroblastic anabolic activity, including increased cellularity, collagen production and vascularity of ligament tissue. Similarly, greater metabolic response of tenocytes along with the acceleration of the healing process in the setting of a tendon tear were noticed after PRP application, particularly between the third and fourth week after treatment. However, some studies demonstrated that PRP had no or even negative effect on tendon and ligament regeneration. This controversy is mainly related to the variable processes and methodologies of preparation of PRP, necessitating standardized protocols for both investigation and ap-plication.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2744PRPplatelet rich plasmaligamenttendonbiologycollagen |
| spellingShingle | Byron Chalidis Panagiotis Givissis Pericles Papadopoulos Charalampos Pitsilos Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences PRP platelet rich plasma ligament tendon biology collagen |
| title | Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Molecular and Biologic Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Ligament and Tendon Healing and Regeneration: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | molecular and biologic effects of platelet rich plasma prp in ligament and tendon healing and regeneration a systematic review |
| topic | PRP platelet rich plasma ligament tendon biology collagen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2744 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT byronchalidis molecularandbiologiceffectsofplateletrichplasmaprpinligamentandtendonhealingandregenerationasystematicreview AT panagiotisgivissis molecularandbiologiceffectsofplateletrichplasmaprpinligamentandtendonhealingandregenerationasystematicreview AT periclespapadopoulos molecularandbiologiceffectsofplateletrichplasmaprpinligamentandtendonhealingandregenerationasystematicreview AT charalampospitsilos molecularandbiologiceffectsofplateletrichplasmaprpinligamentandtendonhealingandregenerationasystematicreview |