Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum
The method by which a photonic crystal is manufactured fiber is detailed throughout the subsequent undertaking, containing a hexahedron core and hazardous dietary additives using a hexagonal cladding. Saccharine, sorbitol, and butyl acetate are used as analytes for sensing purposes. The sensor conta...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-06-01
|
| Series: | Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180424000254 |
| _version_ | 1797234321704091648 |
|---|---|
| author | Rakib Hossen Md. Selim Hossain Sabbir Ahmed Md. Mahfujur Rahman Shuvo Sen |
| author_facet | Rakib Hossen Md. Selim Hossain Sabbir Ahmed Md. Mahfujur Rahman Shuvo Sen |
| author_sort | Rakib Hossen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The method by which a photonic crystal is manufactured fiber is detailed throughout the subsequent undertaking, containing a hexahedron core and hazardous dietary additives using a hexagonal cladding. Saccharine, sorbitol, and butyl acetate are used as analytes for sensing purposes. The sensor contains five tiers of circular ventilation holes within the hexagonal framework, as well as two tiers of hexahedron circles in the central area. FEM (Finite Element Method) is implemented in the sensor design of COMSOL software version 4.2. We noticed the response of the PCF sensor to the specific substances. We examined key optical metrics encompassing specifications including V-parameter, Relational sensitivity, effective refractive index, and power fraction to assess the suitability of the sensor for precisely and effectively detecting various food additives. The revised model attains sensitivity values of 90.10%, 91.30%, and 86.60%, respectively, at a frequency of 1 THz, the identification of saccharine (1.550 in the index of refraction), sorbitol (1.375 in the index of refraction), and butyl acetate (1.394 in the index of refraction) is performed. Furthermore, the compositions of saccharine (1.550 in the index of refraction), sorbitol (1.375 in the index of refraction), and butyl acetate (1.394 in the index of refraction) demonstrate losses from confinement of 6.15 × 10−8 dB/m, 7.25 × 10−8 dB/m, and 6.35 × 10−8 dB/m, which are comparatively minimal, and 0.0235 cm−1 is an insignificant effective material loss. These structures are studied at the terahertz frequency spectrum. Owing to its superior wave-guiding properties, this proposed sensor can be used for polarization-preserving terahertz wave applications and detecting dangerous food additives. Besides, because of simple fabrication, high sensitivity, and low confinement loss, we strongly believe this optimized geometrical structure will contribute to real-life applications that lead to safer food and support a circular economy in developing countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:30:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f7ce59552ef42a68a76c848a8ce6c18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-1804 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:30:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f7ce59552ef42a68a76c848a8ce6c182024-03-30T04:39:10ZengElsevierSensing and Bio-Sensing Research2214-18042024-06-0144100643Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrumRakib Hossen0Md. Selim Hossain1Sabbir Ahmed2Md. Mahfujur Rahman3Shuvo Sen4Department of Cyber Security, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University, Kaliakoir, Gazipur 1750, BangladeshDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE), Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur 5200, BangladeshDepartment of Educational Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University, Kaliakoir, Gazipur 1750, BangladeshMinistry of Railways, BangladeshDepartment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU), Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.The method by which a photonic crystal is manufactured fiber is detailed throughout the subsequent undertaking, containing a hexahedron core and hazardous dietary additives using a hexagonal cladding. Saccharine, sorbitol, and butyl acetate are used as analytes for sensing purposes. The sensor contains five tiers of circular ventilation holes within the hexagonal framework, as well as two tiers of hexahedron circles in the central area. FEM (Finite Element Method) is implemented in the sensor design of COMSOL software version 4.2. We noticed the response of the PCF sensor to the specific substances. We examined key optical metrics encompassing specifications including V-parameter, Relational sensitivity, effective refractive index, and power fraction to assess the suitability of the sensor for precisely and effectively detecting various food additives. The revised model attains sensitivity values of 90.10%, 91.30%, and 86.60%, respectively, at a frequency of 1 THz, the identification of saccharine (1.550 in the index of refraction), sorbitol (1.375 in the index of refraction), and butyl acetate (1.394 in the index of refraction) is performed. Furthermore, the compositions of saccharine (1.550 in the index of refraction), sorbitol (1.375 in the index of refraction), and butyl acetate (1.394 in the index of refraction) demonstrate losses from confinement of 6.15 × 10−8 dB/m, 7.25 × 10−8 dB/m, and 6.35 × 10−8 dB/m, which are comparatively minimal, and 0.0235 cm−1 is an insignificant effective material loss. These structures are studied at the terahertz frequency spectrum. Owing to its superior wave-guiding properties, this proposed sensor can be used for polarization-preserving terahertz wave applications and detecting dangerous food additives. Besides, because of simple fabrication, high sensitivity, and low confinement loss, we strongly believe this optimized geometrical structure will contribute to real-life applications that lead to safer food and support a circular economy in developing countries.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180424000254Effective areaH-PCFFood sensorTerahertz bandSensitivityAnd EML loss |
| spellingShingle | Rakib Hossen Md. Selim Hossain Sabbir Ahmed Md. Mahfujur Rahman Shuvo Sen Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Effective area H-PCF Food sensor Terahertz band Sensitivity And EML loss |
| title | Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum |
| title_full | Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum |
| title_fullStr | Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum |
| title_short | Illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum |
| title_sort | illegal food chemicals sensing with photonic crystal fiber sensor in the terahertz spectrum |
| topic | Effective area H-PCF Food sensor Terahertz band Sensitivity And EML loss |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180424000254 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rakibhossen illegalfoodchemicalssensingwithphotoniccrystalfibersensorintheterahertzspectrum AT mdselimhossain illegalfoodchemicalssensingwithphotoniccrystalfibersensorintheterahertzspectrum AT sabbirahmed illegalfoodchemicalssensingwithphotoniccrystalfibersensorintheterahertzspectrum AT mdmahfujurrahman illegalfoodchemicalssensingwithphotoniccrystalfibersensorintheterahertzspectrum AT shuvosen illegalfoodchemicalssensingwithphotoniccrystalfibersensorintheterahertzspectrum |