Fluoride Removal from Water by Reverse Osmosis Membrane
As fluoride concentration in drinking water is one of the effective parameters in human health, finding the way to remove excess amount of fluoride from drinking water is very important in water supply projects. Today, with developing in technology and finding new methods, the use of membrane techno...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers Research Development
2013-09-01
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| Series: | آب و فاضلاب |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_3180_322148477d6b40416b89bcfcb13d558c.pdf |
| Summary: | As fluoride concentration in drinking water is one of the effective parameters in human health, finding the way to remove excess amount of fluoride from drinking water is very important in water supply projects. Today, with developing in technology and finding new methods, the use of membrane technology for producing fresh water get improved. In this study the efficiency of reverse osmosis method to remove fluoride from water was investigated. Initial concentration of fluoride, sulfate and electrical conductivity in feed water and the effect of associated cation with fluoride ion were studied. All tests adapted from “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater”. Determination of fluoride concentration was done according the standard SPANDS method by using a spectrophotometer DR/5000. Obtain results show that with increasing in concentration of fluoride and sulfate and electrical conductivity in feed water the efficiency of RO membrane to remove fluoride reduced. In addition, this efficiency for CaF2 was higher than NaF. |
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| ISSN: | 1024-5936 2383-0905 |