Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior
Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys have been used for decades for bone prostheses due to its mechanical reliability and good biocompatibility. However, the high stiffness of Ti implants and the lack of bioactivity are pending issues that should be improved to minimize implant failure. The stress shielding...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-08-01
|
| Series: | Metals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1156 |
| _version_ | 1797555381895954432 |
|---|---|
| author | Elia Vidal Diego Torres Jordi Guillem-Marti Giuseppe Scionti José María Manero Maria-Pau Ginebra Daniel Rodríguez Elisa Rupérez |
| author_facet | Elia Vidal Diego Torres Jordi Guillem-Marti Giuseppe Scionti José María Manero Maria-Pau Ginebra Daniel Rodríguez Elisa Rupérez |
| author_sort | Elia Vidal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys have been used for decades for bone prostheses due to its mechanical reliability and good biocompatibility. However, the high stiffness of Ti implants and the lack of bioactivity are pending issues that should be improved to minimize implant failure. The stress shielding effect, a result of the stiffness mismatch between titanium and bone, can be reduced by introducing a tailored structural porosity in the implant. In this work, porous titanium structures were produced by direct ink writing (DIW), using a new Ti ink formulation containing a thermosensitive hydrogel. A thermal treatment was optimized to ensure the complete elimination of the binder before the sintering process, in order to avoid contamination of the titanium structures. The samples were sintered in argon atmosphere at 1200 °C, 1300 °C or 1400 °C, resulting in total porosities ranging between 72.3% and 77.7%. A correlation was found between the total porosity and the elastic modulus of the scaffolds. The stiffness and yield strength were similar to those of cancellous bone. The functionalization of the scaffold surface with a cell adhesion fibronectin recombinant fragment resulted in enhanced adhesion and spreading of osteoblastic-like cells, together with increased alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f83e7fa472c4256b95e60db23baa863 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f83e7fa472c4256b95e60db23baa8632023-11-20T11:31:21ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-08-01109115610.3390/met10091156Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast BehaviorElia Vidal0Diego Torres1Jordi Guillem-Marti2Giuseppe Scionti3José María Manero4Maria-Pau Ginebra5Daniel Rodríguez6Elisa Rupérez7Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainBiomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10–14, 08019 Barcelona, SpainTitanium (Ti) and Ti alloys have been used for decades for bone prostheses due to its mechanical reliability and good biocompatibility. However, the high stiffness of Ti implants and the lack of bioactivity are pending issues that should be improved to minimize implant failure. The stress shielding effect, a result of the stiffness mismatch between titanium and bone, can be reduced by introducing a tailored structural porosity in the implant. In this work, porous titanium structures were produced by direct ink writing (DIW), using a new Ti ink formulation containing a thermosensitive hydrogel. A thermal treatment was optimized to ensure the complete elimination of the binder before the sintering process, in order to avoid contamination of the titanium structures. The samples were sintered in argon atmosphere at 1200 °C, 1300 °C or 1400 °C, resulting in total porosities ranging between 72.3% and 77.7%. A correlation was found between the total porosity and the elastic modulus of the scaffolds. The stiffness and yield strength were similar to those of cancellous bone. The functionalization of the scaffold surface with a cell adhesion fibronectin recombinant fragment resulted in enhanced adhesion and spreading of osteoblastic-like cells, together with increased alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralization.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1156titaniumdirect ink writingtitanium scaffoldthermoresponsive binderosseointegrationrecombinant protein |
| spellingShingle | Elia Vidal Diego Torres Jordi Guillem-Marti Giuseppe Scionti José María Manero Maria-Pau Ginebra Daniel Rodríguez Elisa Rupérez Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior Metals titanium direct ink writing titanium scaffold thermoresponsive binder osseointegration recombinant protein |
| title | Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior |
| title_full | Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior |
| title_fullStr | Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior |
| title_short | Titanium Scaffolds by Direct Ink Writing: Fabrication and Functionalization to Guide Osteoblast Behavior |
| title_sort | titanium scaffolds by direct ink writing fabrication and functionalization to guide osteoblast behavior |
| topic | titanium direct ink writing titanium scaffold thermoresponsive binder osseointegration recombinant protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/9/1156 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eliavidal titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT diegotorres titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT jordiguillemmarti titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT giuseppescionti titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT josemariamanero titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT mariapauginebra titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT danielrodriguez titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior AT elisaruperez titaniumscaffoldsbydirectinkwritingfabricationandfunctionalizationtoguideosteoblastbehavior |