Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins
A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8353 |
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| author | Massimo E. Maffei Cristiano Salata Giorgio Gribaudo |
| author_facet | Massimo E. Maffei Cristiano Salata Giorgio Gribaudo |
| author_sort | Massimo E. Maffei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f849b11b901407cbc645c1280334f62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:39:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f849b11b901407cbc645c1280334f622023-11-24T11:40:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012723835310.3390/molecules27238353Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type ProanthocyanidinsMassimo E. Maffei0Cristiano Salata1Giorgio Gribaudo2Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, ItalyA-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8353polyphenolsproanthocyanidinsA-type linkagehuman virusesbroad-spectrum antiviral activity |
| spellingShingle | Massimo E. Maffei Cristiano Salata Giorgio Gribaudo Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins Molecules polyphenols proanthocyanidins A-type linkage human viruses broad-spectrum antiviral activity |
| title | Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins |
| title_full | Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins |
| title_fullStr | Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins |
| title_short | Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins |
| title_sort | tackling the future pandemics broad spectrum antiviral agents bsaas based on a type proanthocyanidins |
| topic | polyphenols proanthocyanidins A-type linkage human viruses broad-spectrum antiviral activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8353 |
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