Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects
Rising global temperatures due to climate change are affecting crop performance in several regions of the world. High temperatures affect plants at various organizational levels, primarily accelerating phenology to limit biomass production and shortening reproductive phase to curtail flower and frui...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.587264/full |
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| author | Shikha Chaudhary Poonam Devi Anjali Bhardwaj Uday Chand Jha Kamal Dev Sharma P. V. Vara Prasad Kadambot H. M. Siddique H. Bindumadhava Shiv Kumar Harsh Nayyar |
| author_facet | Shikha Chaudhary Poonam Devi Anjali Bhardwaj Uday Chand Jha Kamal Dev Sharma P. V. Vara Prasad Kadambot H. M. Siddique H. Bindumadhava Shiv Kumar Harsh Nayyar |
| author_sort | Shikha Chaudhary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rising global temperatures due to climate change are affecting crop performance in several regions of the world. High temperatures affect plants at various organizational levels, primarily accelerating phenology to limit biomass production and shortening reproductive phase to curtail flower and fruit numbers, thus resulting in severe yield losses. Besides, heat stress also disrupts normal growth, development, cellular metabolism, and gene expression, which alters shoot and root structures, branching patterns, leaf surface and orientation, and anatomical, structural, and functional aspects of leaves and flowers. The reproductive growth stage is crucial in plants’ life cycle, and susceptible to high temperatures, as reproductive processes are negatively impacted thus reducing crop yield. Genetic variation exists among genotypes of various crops to resist impacts of heat stress. Several screening studies have successfully phenotyped large populations of various crops to distinguish heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes using various traits, related to shoots (including leaves), flowers, fruits (pods, spikes, spikelets), and seeds (or grains), which have led to direct release of heat-tolerant cultivars in some cases (such as chickpea). In the present review, we discuss examples of contrasting genotypes for heat tolerance in different crops, involving many traits related to thermotolerance in leaves (membrane thermostability, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal activity), flowers (pollen viability, pollen germination, fertilization, ovule viability), roots (architecture), biomolecules (antioxidants, osmolytes, phytohormones, heat-shock proteins, other stress proteins), and “omics” (phenomics, transcriptomics, genomics) approaches. The traits linked to heat tolerance can be introgressed into high yielding but heat-sensitive genotypes of crops to enhance their thermotolerance. Involving these traits will be useful for screening contrasting genotypes and would pave the way for characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms, which could be valuable for engineering plants with enhanced thermotolerance. Wherever possible, we discussed breeding and biotechnological approaches for using these traits to develop heat-tolerant genotypes of various food crops. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:17:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f8be9c8f47747ddada1602eb34ba616 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:17:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f8be9c8f47747ddada1602eb34ba6162022-12-21T19:10:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-10-011110.3389/fpls.2020.587264587264Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and ProspectsShikha Chaudhary0Poonam Devi1Anjali Bhardwaj2Uday Chand Jha3Kamal Dev Sharma4P. V. Vara Prasad5Kadambot H. M. Siddique6H. Bindumadhava7Shiv Kumar8Harsh Nayyar9Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh (CSK HP) Agricultural University, Palampur, IndiaKansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United StatesThe UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AustraliaWorld Vegetable Center, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, IndiaInternational Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, MoroccoDepartment of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaRising global temperatures due to climate change are affecting crop performance in several regions of the world. High temperatures affect plants at various organizational levels, primarily accelerating phenology to limit biomass production and shortening reproductive phase to curtail flower and fruit numbers, thus resulting in severe yield losses. Besides, heat stress also disrupts normal growth, development, cellular metabolism, and gene expression, which alters shoot and root structures, branching patterns, leaf surface and orientation, and anatomical, structural, and functional aspects of leaves and flowers. The reproductive growth stage is crucial in plants’ life cycle, and susceptible to high temperatures, as reproductive processes are negatively impacted thus reducing crop yield. Genetic variation exists among genotypes of various crops to resist impacts of heat stress. Several screening studies have successfully phenotyped large populations of various crops to distinguish heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes using various traits, related to shoots (including leaves), flowers, fruits (pods, spikes, spikelets), and seeds (or grains), which have led to direct release of heat-tolerant cultivars in some cases (such as chickpea). In the present review, we discuss examples of contrasting genotypes for heat tolerance in different crops, involving many traits related to thermotolerance in leaves (membrane thermostability, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal activity), flowers (pollen viability, pollen germination, fertilization, ovule viability), roots (architecture), biomolecules (antioxidants, osmolytes, phytohormones, heat-shock proteins, other stress proteins), and “omics” (phenomics, transcriptomics, genomics) approaches. The traits linked to heat tolerance can be introgressed into high yielding but heat-sensitive genotypes of crops to enhance their thermotolerance. Involving these traits will be useful for screening contrasting genotypes and would pave the way for characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms, which could be valuable for engineering plants with enhanced thermotolerance. Wherever possible, we discussed breeding and biotechnological approaches for using these traits to develop heat-tolerant genotypes of various food crops.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.587264/fullheat-stresscropstoleranceagriculturephysiology |
| spellingShingle | Shikha Chaudhary Poonam Devi Anjali Bhardwaj Uday Chand Jha Kamal Dev Sharma P. V. Vara Prasad Kadambot H. M. Siddique H. Bindumadhava Shiv Kumar Harsh Nayyar Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects Frontiers in Plant Science heat-stress crops tolerance agriculture physiology |
| title | Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects |
| title_full | Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects |
| title_short | Identification and Characterization of Contrasting Genotypes/Cultivars for Developing Heat Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: Current Status and Prospects |
| title_sort | identification and characterization of contrasting genotypes cultivars for developing heat tolerance in agricultural crops current status and prospects |
| topic | heat-stress crops tolerance agriculture physiology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2020.587264/full |
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