Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis
The ecological and children’s Health Risk Assessments (HRA) of Copper (Cu) in aquatic bodies ranging from rivers, mangrove, estuaries, and offshore areas were studied using the Cited Cu Data in The Sediments (CCDITS) from 125 randomly selected papers published from 1980 to 2022. The ecological and c...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Pollutants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/2/3/18 |
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| author | Chee Kong Yap Muhammad Saleem Wen Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Noor Azrizal-Wahid Rosimah Nulit Mohd. Hafiz Ibrahim Muskhazli Mustafa Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman Franklin Berandah Edward Takaomi Arai Wan Hee Cheng Hideo Okamura Mohamad Saupi Ismail Krishnan Kumar Ram Avtar Khalid Awadh Al-Mutair Salman Abdo Al-Shami Geetha Subramaniam Ling Shing Wong |
| author_facet | Chee Kong Yap Muhammad Saleem Wen Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Noor Azrizal-Wahid Rosimah Nulit Mohd. Hafiz Ibrahim Muskhazli Mustafa Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman Franklin Berandah Edward Takaomi Arai Wan Hee Cheng Hideo Okamura Mohamad Saupi Ismail Krishnan Kumar Ram Avtar Khalid Awadh Al-Mutair Salman Abdo Al-Shami Geetha Subramaniam Ling Shing Wong |
| author_sort | Chee Kong Yap |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ecological and children’s Health Risk Assessments (HRA) of Copper (Cu) in aquatic bodies ranging from rivers, mangrove, estuaries, and offshore areas were studied using the Cited Cu Data in The Sediments (CCDITS) from 125 randomly selected papers published from 1980 to 2022. The ecological and children’s HRA were assessed in all CCDITS. Generally, local point Cu sources (8%) and lithogenic sources were the main controlling factors of Cu concentrations. The present review revealed three interesting points. First, there were 11 papers (8%) documenting Cu levels of more than 500 mg/kg dw while China was the country with the highest number (26%) of papers published between 1980 and 2022, out of 37 countries. Second, with the Cu data cited from the literature not normally distributed, the maximum Cu level was higher than all the established guidelines. However, the median Cu concentration was lower than most of the established guidelines. The median values of the geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) indicated a status of ‘unpolluted‘ and ‘moderate contamination’ for the contamination factor (CF), and ‘low potential ecological risk’ for the ecological risk (ER) of Cu. However, the Cu ER could be based at present on the above mentioned 8% of the literature in the present study. Third, the calculated hazard index (HI) values were found to be below 1, indicating no potential chance of Cu non–carcinogenic effects in both adults and children, except for children’s HI values from Lake Pamvotis of Greece, and Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong. Thus, regular monitoring (every 2 years), depending upon the available resources, is recommended to assess the ecological–health risk of Cu pollution in aquatic bodies to abate the risk of Cu exposure to children’s health and avoid injurious impacts on the biota. It can be concluded that there is always a need for the mitigation and management of a Cu exposure risk assessment that can be used successfully for screening purposes to detect important human health exposure routes. Consequently, any sediments contaminated with Cu require rapid sediment remediation techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:46:13Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4672 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:46:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Pollutants |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f8d772f76594e0e9f6d07e53c5389fd2023-11-23T18:28:12ZengMDPI AGPollutants2673-46722022-06-012326928810.3390/pollutants2030018Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and SynthesisChee Kong Yap0Muhammad Saleem1Wen Siang Tan2Wan Mohd Syazwan3Noor Azrizal-Wahid4Rosimah Nulit5Mohd. Hafiz Ibrahim6Muskhazli Mustafa7Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman8Franklin Berandah Edward9Takaomi Arai10Wan Hee Cheng11Hideo Okamura12Mohamad Saupi Ismail13Krishnan Kumar14Ram Avtar15Khalid Awadh Al-Mutair16Salman Abdo Al-Shami17Geetha Subramaniam18Ling Shing Wong19Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USADepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaNatural Resources and Environment Board, Petra Jaya, Kuching 93050, Sarawak, MalaysiaEnvironmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, BruneiFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaFaculty of Maritime Sciences, Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, JapanFisheries Research Institute, Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang 11960, MalaysiaFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaGraduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, JapanDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk P.O. Box 741, Saudi ArabiaIndian River Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USAFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, MalaysiaThe ecological and children’s Health Risk Assessments (HRA) of Copper (Cu) in aquatic bodies ranging from rivers, mangrove, estuaries, and offshore areas were studied using the Cited Cu Data in The Sediments (CCDITS) from 125 randomly selected papers published from 1980 to 2022. The ecological and children’s HRA were assessed in all CCDITS. Generally, local point Cu sources (8%) and lithogenic sources were the main controlling factors of Cu concentrations. The present review revealed three interesting points. First, there were 11 papers (8%) documenting Cu levels of more than 500 mg/kg dw while China was the country with the highest number (26%) of papers published between 1980 and 2022, out of 37 countries. Second, with the Cu data cited from the literature not normally distributed, the maximum Cu level was higher than all the established guidelines. However, the median Cu concentration was lower than most of the established guidelines. The median values of the geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) indicated a status of ‘unpolluted‘ and ‘moderate contamination’ for the contamination factor (CF), and ‘low potential ecological risk’ for the ecological risk (ER) of Cu. However, the Cu ER could be based at present on the above mentioned 8% of the literature in the present study. Third, the calculated hazard index (HI) values were found to be below 1, indicating no potential chance of Cu non–carcinogenic effects in both adults and children, except for children’s HI values from Lake Pamvotis of Greece, and Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong. Thus, regular monitoring (every 2 years), depending upon the available resources, is recommended to assess the ecological–health risk of Cu pollution in aquatic bodies to abate the risk of Cu exposure to children’s health and avoid injurious impacts on the biota. It can be concluded that there is always a need for the mitigation and management of a Cu exposure risk assessment that can be used successfully for screening purposes to detect important human health exposure routes. Consequently, any sediments contaminated with Cu require rapid sediment remediation techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/2/3/18coppersedimentsgeochemical indexeshealth risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Chee Kong Yap Muhammad Saleem Wen Siang Tan Wan Mohd Syazwan Noor Azrizal-Wahid Rosimah Nulit Mohd. Hafiz Ibrahim Muskhazli Mustafa Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman Franklin Berandah Edward Takaomi Arai Wan Hee Cheng Hideo Okamura Mohamad Saupi Ismail Krishnan Kumar Ram Avtar Khalid Awadh Al-Mutair Salman Abdo Al-Shami Geetha Subramaniam Ling Shing Wong Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis Pollutants copper sediments geochemical indexes health risk assessment |
| title | Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis |
| title_full | Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis |
| title_fullStr | Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis |
| title_short | Ecological–Health Risk Assessments of Copper in the Sediments: A Review and Synthesis |
| title_sort | ecological health risk assessments of copper in the sediments a review and synthesis |
| topic | copper sediments geochemical indexes health risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/2/3/18 |
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