Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication
Recent years have seen a growing interest in underwater communication and some progress has been made in this area. However, underwater communication is still immature compared with terrestrial communication. A prime reason for this is that the underwater environment is intrinsically not suitable fo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/1/24 |
| _version_ | 1828337031766343680 |
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| author | Shinya Kaido Kazumasa Takami |
| author_facet | Shinya Kaido Kazumasa Takami |
| author_sort | Shinya Kaido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent years have seen a growing interest in underwater communication and some progress has been made in this area. However, underwater communication is still immature compared with terrestrial communication. A prime reason for this is that the underwater environment is intrinsically not suitable for propagation of electric waves. Instead, ultrasonic waves are mainly used for underwater communication. Since ultrasonic waves cannot provide sufficient communication speed or capacity, they cannot use existing network technologies, which assume use of radio waves. In particular, communication in shallow water is still an uncharted territory. Few communication technologies are employed in environments where people enjoy scuba diving. This paper addresses problems faced by recreational scuba divers. It proposes constructing an ad hoc mesh-shaped network between divers within a group and use ultrasonic waves as transmission media in order to enable the detection of a stray diver. It also proposes a communication protocol in which messages are relayed in multiple hops, and a message collision avoidance method, which is intended to reduce the rate of packet loss caused by message propagation delay. We have implemented the proposed methods in a network simulator, and compared them with an existing communication method that has no message collision avoidance function, in terms of the packet loss rate, the stray driver detection rate, and the rate of the ability to communicate in multiple hops. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:09:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f8db31d6fd34d4ab8ade6e1ff38167c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:09:49Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f8db31d6fd34d4ab8ade6e1ff38167c2022-12-22T02:27:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172017-12-01812410.3390/app8010024app8010024Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message CommunicationShinya Kaido0Kazumasa Takami1Information Systems Science Major, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji 192-8577, JapanInformation Systems Science Major, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji 192-8577, JapanRecent years have seen a growing interest in underwater communication and some progress has been made in this area. However, underwater communication is still immature compared with terrestrial communication. A prime reason for this is that the underwater environment is intrinsically not suitable for propagation of electric waves. Instead, ultrasonic waves are mainly used for underwater communication. Since ultrasonic waves cannot provide sufficient communication speed or capacity, they cannot use existing network technologies, which assume use of radio waves. In particular, communication in shallow water is still an uncharted territory. Few communication technologies are employed in environments where people enjoy scuba diving. This paper addresses problems faced by recreational scuba divers. It proposes constructing an ad hoc mesh-shaped network between divers within a group and use ultrasonic waves as transmission media in order to enable the detection of a stray diver. It also proposes a communication protocol in which messages are relayed in multiple hops, and a message collision avoidance method, which is intended to reduce the rate of packet loss caused by message propagation delay. We have implemented the proposed methods in a network simulator, and compared them with an existing communication method that has no message collision avoidance function, in terms of the packet loss rate, the stray driver detection rate, and the rate of the ability to communicate in multiple hops.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/1/24message collision avoidanceultrasonic multi-hop message communicationstray diver detection |
| spellingShingle | Shinya Kaido Kazumasa Takami Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication Applied Sciences message collision avoidance ultrasonic multi-hop message communication stray diver detection |
| title | Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication |
| title_full | Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication |
| title_fullStr | Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication |
| title_short | Message Collision Avoidance Protocols for Detecting Stray Nodes in a Scuba Diving Group Using Ultrasonic Multi-Hop Message Communication |
| title_sort | message collision avoidance protocols for detecting stray nodes in a scuba diving group using ultrasonic multi hop message communication |
| topic | message collision avoidance ultrasonic multi-hop message communication stray diver detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/1/24 |
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