Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments
An important and typical scenario of radio propagation in a railway or subway tunnel environment is the cascaded straight and curved tunnel. In this paper, we propose a joint path loss model for cascaded tunnels at 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz frequency bands. By combining the waveguide mode theory and the m...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4524 |
| _version_ | 1797482391528275968 |
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| author | Jingyuan Qian Yating Wu Asad Saleem Guoxin Zheng |
| author_facet | Jingyuan Qian Yating Wu Asad Saleem Guoxin Zheng |
| author_sort | Jingyuan Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An important and typical scenario of radio propagation in a railway or subway tunnel environment is the cascaded straight and curved tunnel. In this paper, we propose a joint path loss model for cascaded tunnels at 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz frequency bands. By combining the waveguide mode theory and the method of shooting and bouncing ray (SBR), it is found that the curvature of tunnels introduces an extra loss in the far-field region, which can be modeled as a linear function of the propagation distance of the signal in the curved tunnel. The channel of the cascaded straight and curved tunnel is thus characterized using the extra loss coefficient (ELC). Based on the ray-tracing (RT) method, an empirical formula between ELC and the radius of the curvature is provided for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by measurement and simulation results. It is shown that the proposed model can predict path loss in cascaded tunnels with desirable accuracy and low complexity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:31:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2f9863a491594475bbd4ef0d0685d446 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:31:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-2f9863a491594475bbd4ef0d0685d4462023-11-23T18:54:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-06-012212452410.3390/s22124524Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel EnvironmentsJingyuan Qian0Yating Wu1Asad Saleem2Guoxin Zheng3Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaKey Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaShenzhen Key Laboratory of Antennas and Propagation, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaKey Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaAn important and typical scenario of radio propagation in a railway or subway tunnel environment is the cascaded straight and curved tunnel. In this paper, we propose a joint path loss model for cascaded tunnels at 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz frequency bands. By combining the waveguide mode theory and the method of shooting and bouncing ray (SBR), it is found that the curvature of tunnels introduces an extra loss in the far-field region, which can be modeled as a linear function of the propagation distance of the signal in the curved tunnel. The channel of the cascaded straight and curved tunnel is thus characterized using the extra loss coefficient (ELC). Based on the ray-tracing (RT) method, an empirical formula between ELC and the radius of the curvature is provided for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by measurement and simulation results. It is shown that the proposed model can predict path loss in cascaded tunnels with desirable accuracy and low complexity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4524ray tracingextra loss coefficientshooting and bouncing ray methodsubway tunnelwaveguide effect |
| spellingShingle | Jingyuan Qian Yating Wu Asad Saleem Guoxin Zheng Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments Sensors ray tracing extra loss coefficient shooting and bouncing ray method subway tunnel waveguide effect |
| title | Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments |
| title_full | Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments |
| title_fullStr | Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments |
| title_short | Path Loss Model for 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz Bands in Cascaded Tunnel Environments |
| title_sort | path loss model for 3 5 ghz and 5 6 ghz bands in cascaded tunnel environments |
| topic | ray tracing extra loss coefficient shooting and bouncing ray method subway tunnel waveguide effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/12/4524 |
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