Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity
Lumpy skin disease is an important economic disease of cattle that is controlled by vaccination. This paper presents an investigation into the role of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) superoxide dismutase (SOD) homologue on growth and histopathology of the virus both in vitro and in vivo. SOD hom...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/664 |
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| author | Nicola Douglass Henry Munyanduki Ruzaiq Omar Sophette Gers Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa Livio Heath Anna-Lise Williamson |
| author_facet | Nicola Douglass Henry Munyanduki Ruzaiq Omar Sophette Gers Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa Livio Heath Anna-Lise Williamson |
| author_sort | Nicola Douglass |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lumpy skin disease is an important economic disease of cattle that is controlled by vaccination. This paper presents an investigation into the role of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) superoxide dismutase (SOD) homologue on growth and histopathology of the virus both in vitro and in vivo. SOD homologue knock-out and knock-in recombinants (nLSDV∆SOD-UCT and nLSDVSODis-UCT, respectively) were constructed and compared to the Neethling vaccine (nLSDV) for growth in a permissive bovine cell line as well as on fertilized chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The infected CAMs were scored for histological changes. Deletion of the SOD homologue from LSDV reduced virus growth both in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as well as on CAMs. Furthermore, the knockout virus showed reduced inflammation in CAMs and more ballooning degeneration. A pilot experiment was performed in cattle to compare the lesions produced by the different LSDV constructs in the same animal. One animal developed a larger lesion to nLSDV∆SOD-UCT compared to both nLSDVSODis-UCT and nLSDV. Histological analysis of biopsies of these lesions shows less inflammation and necrosis associated with nLSDVSODis-UCT compared to nLSDV and nLSDV∆SOD-UCT. None of the vaccinated animals showed disseminated LSDV disease, indicating that the candidate vaccines are safe for further testing. Our results suggest that the SOD homologue may improve immunogenicity and reduce virulence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:00:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2fce38a8929d4c93a19adc31b34ac311 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:00:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-2fce38a8929d4c93a19adc31b34ac3112023-11-20T20:10:06ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-11-018466410.3390/vaccines8040664Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and PathogenicityNicola Douglass0Henry Munyanduki1Ruzaiq Omar2Sophette Gers3Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa4Livio Heath5Anna-Lise Williamson6Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaPathcare VetLab, Cape Town 7463, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Gauteng 0110, South AfricaOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, ARC, Gauteng 0110, South AfricaDivision of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South AfricaLumpy skin disease is an important economic disease of cattle that is controlled by vaccination. This paper presents an investigation into the role of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) superoxide dismutase (SOD) homologue on growth and histopathology of the virus both in vitro and in vivo. SOD homologue knock-out and knock-in recombinants (nLSDV∆SOD-UCT and nLSDVSODis-UCT, respectively) were constructed and compared to the Neethling vaccine (nLSDV) for growth in a permissive bovine cell line as well as on fertilized chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The infected CAMs were scored for histological changes. Deletion of the SOD homologue from LSDV reduced virus growth both in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as well as on CAMs. Furthermore, the knockout virus showed reduced inflammation in CAMs and more ballooning degeneration. A pilot experiment was performed in cattle to compare the lesions produced by the different LSDV constructs in the same animal. One animal developed a larger lesion to nLSDV∆SOD-UCT compared to both nLSDVSODis-UCT and nLSDV. Histological analysis of biopsies of these lesions shows less inflammation and necrosis associated with nLSDVSODis-UCT compared to nLSDV and nLSDV∆SOD-UCT. None of the vaccinated animals showed disseminated LSDV disease, indicating that the candidate vaccines are safe for further testing. Our results suggest that the SOD homologue may improve immunogenicity and reduce virulence.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/664superoxide dismutaselumpy skin disease virusvaccinevirus–host interactionsinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Nicola Douglass Henry Munyanduki Ruzaiq Omar Sophette Gers Paidamwoyo Mutowembwa Livio Heath Anna-Lise Williamson Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity Vaccines superoxide dismutase lumpy skin disease virus vaccine virus–host interactions inflammation |
| title | Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity |
| title_full | Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity |
| title_fullStr | Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity |
| title_short | Influence of the Viral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Homologue on Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) Growth, Histopathology and Pathogenicity |
| title_sort | influence of the viral superoxide dismutase sod homologue on lumpy skin disease virus lsdv growth histopathology and pathogenicity |
| topic | superoxide dismutase lumpy skin disease virus vaccine virus–host interactions inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/664 |
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