Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6
Abstract Background Biofuel research that aims to optimize growth conditions in microalgae is critically important. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalga that offers advantages for biofuel production research. This study compares the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen and sulfur- d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-023-00808-3 |
| _version_ | 1827633742501380096 |
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| author | David I. Gonzalez Ruby A. Ynalvez |
| author_facet | David I. Gonzalez Ruby A. Ynalvez |
| author_sort | David I. Gonzalez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Biofuel research that aims to optimize growth conditions in microalgae is critically important. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalga that offers advantages for biofuel production research. This study compares the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen and sulfur- deprivations on the C. reinhardtii starchless mutant cc5373-sta6. Specifically, it compares growth, lipid body accumulation, and expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Results Among nutrient-deprived cells, TAP-S cells showed significantly higher total chlorophyll, cell density, and protein content at day 6 (p < 0.05). Confocal analysis showed a significantly higher number of lipid bodies in cells subjected to nutrient deprivation than in the control over the course of six days; N deprivation for six days significantly increased the size of lipid bodies (p < 0.01). In comparison with the control, significantly higher ACC expression was observed after 8 and 24 h of NS deprivation and only after 24 h with N deprivation. On the other hand, ACC and PEPC expression at 8 and 24 h of S deprivation was not significantly different from that in the control. A significantly lower PEPC expression was observed after 8 h of N and NS deprivation (p < 0.01), but a significantly higher PEPC expression was observed after 24 h (p < 0.01). Conclusions Based on our findings, it would be optimum to cultivate cc5373-sta6 cells in nutrient deprived conditions (-N, -S or –NS) for four days; whereby there is cell growth, and both a high number of lipid bodies and a larger size of lipid bodies produced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:04:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2fda12a7a85948caa9ec5c96e2c64d97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6750 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:04:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-2fda12a7a85948caa9ec5c96e2c64d972023-11-26T13:43:54ZengBMCBMC Biotechnology1472-67502023-09-0123111610.1186/s12896-023-00808-3Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6David I. Gonzalez0Ruby A. Ynalvez1Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt UniversityDepartment of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International UniversityAbstract Background Biofuel research that aims to optimize growth conditions in microalgae is critically important. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green microalga that offers advantages for biofuel production research. This study compares the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur-, and nitrogen and sulfur- deprivations on the C. reinhardtii starchless mutant cc5373-sta6. Specifically, it compares growth, lipid body accumulation, and expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). Results Among nutrient-deprived cells, TAP-S cells showed significantly higher total chlorophyll, cell density, and protein content at day 6 (p < 0.05). Confocal analysis showed a significantly higher number of lipid bodies in cells subjected to nutrient deprivation than in the control over the course of six days; N deprivation for six days significantly increased the size of lipid bodies (p < 0.01). In comparison with the control, significantly higher ACC expression was observed after 8 and 24 h of NS deprivation and only after 24 h with N deprivation. On the other hand, ACC and PEPC expression at 8 and 24 h of S deprivation was not significantly different from that in the control. A significantly lower PEPC expression was observed after 8 h of N and NS deprivation (p < 0.01), but a significantly higher PEPC expression was observed after 24 h (p < 0.01). Conclusions Based on our findings, it would be optimum to cultivate cc5373-sta6 cells in nutrient deprived conditions (-N, -S or –NS) for four days; whereby there is cell growth, and both a high number of lipid bodies and a larger size of lipid bodies produced.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-023-00808-3Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiBiofuelNitrogen and sulfur deprivationTriacylglycerolLipid accumulation |
| spellingShingle | David I. Gonzalez Ruby A. Ynalvez Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6 BMC Biotechnology Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Biofuel Nitrogen and sulfur deprivation Triacylglycerol Lipid accumulation |
| title | Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6 |
| title_full | Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6 |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6 |
| title_short | Comparison of the effects of nitrogen-, sulfur- and combined nitrogen- and sulfur-deprivations on cell growth, lipid bodies and gene expressions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373-sta6 |
| title_sort | comparison of the effects of nitrogen sulfur and combined nitrogen and sulfur deprivations on cell growth lipid bodies and gene expressions in chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc5373 sta6 |
| topic | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Biofuel Nitrogen and sulfur deprivation Triacylglycerol Lipid accumulation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12896-023-00808-3 |
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