Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge
The development of phytoremediation by garden plants is an effective way to deal with the dilemma of municipal sewage sludge disposal. In this study, two ornamental plants were used as phytoremediation plants to rehabilitate heavy-metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge in field experiments, and...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/1/43 |
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| author | Xiaoling Chen Jianru Feng Huaqian Mou Zheng Liang Tianzheng Ding Shiyu Chen Feili Li |
| author_facet | Xiaoling Chen Jianru Feng Huaqian Mou Zheng Liang Tianzheng Ding Shiyu Chen Feili Li |
| author_sort | Xiaoling Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of phytoremediation by garden plants is an effective way to deal with the dilemma of municipal sewage sludge disposal. In this study, two ornamental plants were used as phytoremediation plants to rehabilitate heavy-metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge in field experiments, and the role of exogenous phytohormone IAA was also tested. Ornamental plants <i>Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum</i> (<i>L. rubrum)</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> (<i>R. pulchrum</i>) adapted well to the artificial soil made of municipal sewage sludge, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were decreased by 7.29, 261, 20.2, and 11.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in the soil planted with <i>L. rubrum</i>, and 7.60, 308, 50.1, and 17.7 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in the soil planted with <i>R. pulchrum</i>, accounted for 11–37% of the total amounts and reached significant levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), except Cd. The concentration of Pb in all parts of the two ornamental plants was increased, as well as most heavy metals in <i>L. rubrum</i> root. As a result, three months after transplant, the phyto-extraction amounts in <i>L. rubrum</i> were 397, 10.9, and 1330 μg for Ni, Cd, and Pb, respectively, increased by 233% to 279%. The phyto-extraction amount in <i>R. pulchrum</i> were 1510, 250, and 237 μg for Zn, Pb, and Cu, respectively, increased by 143% to 193%. These results indicated a potential to remediate heavy metals of the two ornamental plants, especially <i>L. rubrum</i>. The results of correlation analysis implied that the interaction of heavy metals in the plant itself played an important role in the uptake of heavy metals. This seemed to explain why applying IAA in the experiment had little effect on plant growth and phytoremediation of heavy metals. This study provided a green and feasible idea for the proper disposal of municipal sewage sludge. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2fdd01eaf90d4eb6a5c11e0d0ccb3bda2023-12-01T00:55:34ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-12-011114310.3390/toxics11010043Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage SludgeXiaoling Chen0Jianru Feng1Huaqian Mou2Zheng Liang3Tianzheng Ding4Shiyu Chen5Feili Li6College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, ChinaJinhua Water Treatment Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321016, ChinaShaoxing Institute of Energy Testing, Shaoxing 312000, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, ChinaCollege of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, ChinaThe development of phytoremediation by garden plants is an effective way to deal with the dilemma of municipal sewage sludge disposal. In this study, two ornamental plants were used as phytoremediation plants to rehabilitate heavy-metal-contaminated municipal sewage sludge in field experiments, and the role of exogenous phytohormone IAA was also tested. Ornamental plants <i>Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum</i> (<i>L. rubrum)</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> (<i>R. pulchrum</i>) adapted well to the artificial soil made of municipal sewage sludge, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were decreased by 7.29, 261, 20.2, and 11.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in the soil planted with <i>L. rubrum</i>, and 7.60, 308, 50.1, and 17.7 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in the soil planted with <i>R. pulchrum</i>, accounted for 11–37% of the total amounts and reached significant levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05), except Cd. The concentration of Pb in all parts of the two ornamental plants was increased, as well as most heavy metals in <i>L. rubrum</i> root. As a result, three months after transplant, the phyto-extraction amounts in <i>L. rubrum</i> were 397, 10.9, and 1330 μg for Ni, Cd, and Pb, respectively, increased by 233% to 279%. The phyto-extraction amount in <i>R. pulchrum</i> were 1510, 250, and 237 μg for Zn, Pb, and Cu, respectively, increased by 143% to 193%. These results indicated a potential to remediate heavy metals of the two ornamental plants, especially <i>L. rubrum</i>. The results of correlation analysis implied that the interaction of heavy metals in the plant itself played an important role in the uptake of heavy metals. This seemed to explain why applying IAA in the experiment had little effect on plant growth and phytoremediation of heavy metals. This study provided a green and feasible idea for the proper disposal of municipal sewage sludge.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/1/43municipal sewage sludgephytoremediationornamental plantheavy metal |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoling Chen Jianru Feng Huaqian Mou Zheng Liang Tianzheng Ding Shiyu Chen Feili Li Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge Toxics municipal sewage sludge phytoremediation ornamental plant heavy metal |
| title | Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge |
| title_full | Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge |
| title_fullStr | Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge |
| title_short | Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with <i>Leucadendron rubrum</i> and <i>Rhododendron pulchrum</i> for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge |
| title_sort | utilization of indole acetic acid with i leucadendron rubrum i and i rhododendron pulchrum i for the phytoremediation of heavy metals in the artificial soil made of municipal sewage sludge |
| topic | municipal sewage sludge phytoremediation ornamental plant heavy metal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/1/43 |
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