Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia)
This work aims to analyze the zoogeographic distribution of Calanoida in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan belongs to the Palaearctic region, and its territory is ascribed to the European–Siberian and Nagorno–Asian biogeographical subregions. The European–Siberian subregion includes the Volga–Ural, Irtysh, and...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| author | Elena Krupa Moldir Aubakirova |
| author_facet | Elena Krupa Moldir Aubakirova |
| author_sort | Elena Krupa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aims to analyze the zoogeographic distribution of Calanoida in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan belongs to the Palaearctic region, and its territory is ascribed to the European–Siberian and Nagorno–Asian biogeographical subregions. The European–Siberian subregion includes the Volga–Ural, Irtysh, and Turkestan–Aral provinces. The Balkhash province belongs to the Nagorno–Asian subregion. Studies of the Calanoida fauna were carried out between 1997 and 2019. For this purpose, 7250 zooplankton samples were taken in 130 different water bodies. Findings of 26 species of Calanoida have been documented. The richest in species composition (20) is the Calanoida fauna of the Irtysh province. Ten Calanoida species have been recorded in the Volga–Ural province, 8 in the Turkestan–Aral province, 7 in the Balkhash province, and 5 in the Ponto–Caspian region. The distribution of the species richness of the order is determined by a complex of climatic factors, including the density of the hydrographic network, a variety of hydrochemical conditions, and accidental acclimatization of species. Far Eastern species (<i>Sinodiaptomus sarsi</i>, <i>Neutrodiaptomus incongruens</i>, <i>Neodiaptomus schmackeri</i>) entered the inland water bodies of Kazakhstan, most likely through the introduction of non-native fish species. The Black Sea species <i>Acartia tonsa</i> and <i>Calanipeda aquaedulcis</i> were introduced into the Caspian Sea with ballast waters. Three autochthonous species (<i>Limnocalanus macrurus</i>, <i>Eurytemora grimmi</i>, <i>Eurytemora minor</i>), formerly inhabiting the Caspian Sea, can now be considered extinct. <i>Acanthodiaptomus denticornis</i>, <i>Arctodiaptomus (R.) salinus</i>, <i>Phyllodiaptomus blanci</i>, and <i>Eudiaptomus graciloides</i> are widespread in the region. Endemic species (<i>Gigantodiaptomus irtyshensis</i>, <i>Arctodiaptomus naurzumensis)</i> and species are new for Kazakhstan <i>(Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) mirus</i>, <i>Eudiaptomus transylvanicus</i>, <i>Arctodiaptomus dentifer</i>, <i>A. (Rh.) ulomskyi</i> were found in small waterbodies; they are known only from single occurrence sites as well as <i>Eurytemora caspica</i>. The last one was described from the northern part of the Caspian Sea, in the coastal zone. Further research into small water bodies that are poorly studied may expand our knowledge of the diversity of Calanoida in Kazakhstan. Calanoida fauna of Kazakhstan was closest to the fauna of countries with a continental climate and most strongly differed from countries with subtropical and Mediterranean types of climates. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-2fe18b8b6eb44e88afa42d02aeb2e8482023-11-22T06:19:08ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-07-011315201510.3390/w13152015Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia)Elena Krupa0Moldir Aubakirova1Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050060, KazakhstanFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, KazakhstanThis work aims to analyze the zoogeographic distribution of Calanoida in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan belongs to the Palaearctic region, and its territory is ascribed to the European–Siberian and Nagorno–Asian biogeographical subregions. The European–Siberian subregion includes the Volga–Ural, Irtysh, and Turkestan–Aral provinces. The Balkhash province belongs to the Nagorno–Asian subregion. Studies of the Calanoida fauna were carried out between 1997 and 2019. For this purpose, 7250 zooplankton samples were taken in 130 different water bodies. Findings of 26 species of Calanoida have been documented. The richest in species composition (20) is the Calanoida fauna of the Irtysh province. Ten Calanoida species have been recorded in the Volga–Ural province, 8 in the Turkestan–Aral province, 7 in the Balkhash province, and 5 in the Ponto–Caspian region. The distribution of the species richness of the order is determined by a complex of climatic factors, including the density of the hydrographic network, a variety of hydrochemical conditions, and accidental acclimatization of species. Far Eastern species (<i>Sinodiaptomus sarsi</i>, <i>Neutrodiaptomus incongruens</i>, <i>Neodiaptomus schmackeri</i>) entered the inland water bodies of Kazakhstan, most likely through the introduction of non-native fish species. The Black Sea species <i>Acartia tonsa</i> and <i>Calanipeda aquaedulcis</i> were introduced into the Caspian Sea with ballast waters. Three autochthonous species (<i>Limnocalanus macrurus</i>, <i>Eurytemora grimmi</i>, <i>Eurytemora minor</i>), formerly inhabiting the Caspian Sea, can now be considered extinct. <i>Acanthodiaptomus denticornis</i>, <i>Arctodiaptomus (R.) salinus</i>, <i>Phyllodiaptomus blanci</i>, and <i>Eudiaptomus graciloides</i> are widespread in the region. Endemic species (<i>Gigantodiaptomus irtyshensis</i>, <i>Arctodiaptomus naurzumensis)</i> and species are new for Kazakhstan <i>(Diaptomus (Chaetodiaptomus) mirus</i>, <i>Eudiaptomus transylvanicus</i>, <i>Arctodiaptomus dentifer</i>, <i>A. (Rh.) ulomskyi</i> were found in small waterbodies; they are known only from single occurrence sites as well as <i>Eurytemora caspica</i>. The last one was described from the northern part of the Caspian Sea, in the coastal zone. Further research into small water bodies that are poorly studied may expand our knowledge of the diversity of Calanoida in Kazakhstan. Calanoida fauna of Kazakhstan was closest to the fauna of countries with a continental climate and most strongly differed from countries with subtropical and Mediterranean types of climates.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/15/2015CalanoidaAcartiidaePseudodiaptomidaeCentropagidaeDiaptomidaeTemoridae |
| spellingShingle | Elena Krupa Moldir Aubakirova Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) Water Calanoida Acartiidae Pseudodiaptomidae Centropagidae Diaptomidae Temoridae |
| title | Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) |
| title_full | Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) |
| title_fullStr | Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) |
| title_short | Checklist and Distribution of Calanoida (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Kazakhstan (Central Asia) |
| title_sort | checklist and distribution of calanoida crustacea copepoda in kazakhstan central asia |
| topic | Calanoida Acartiidae Pseudodiaptomidae Centropagidae Diaptomidae Temoridae |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/15/2015 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elenakrupa checklistanddistributionofcalanoidacrustaceacopepodainkazakhstancentralasia AT moldiraubakirova checklistanddistributionofcalanoidacrustaceacopepodainkazakhstancentralasia |