Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies
Both effortful and effortless training have been shown to be effective in enhancing individuals' executive functions. Effortful training improves domain-specific EFs, while effortless training improves domain-general EFs. Furthermore, effortful training has significantly higher training effects...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1243409/full |
| _version_ | 1797628008510521344 |
|---|---|
| author | Chan Tang Chan Tang Chan Tang Ting Huang Ting Huang Jipeng Huang Jipeng Huang Nuo Xu Hui Lyu Yuan Wang Yuan Wang Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Yifei Cao |
| author_facet | Chan Tang Chan Tang Chan Tang Ting Huang Ting Huang Jipeng Huang Jipeng Huang Nuo Xu Hui Lyu Yuan Wang Yuan Wang Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Yifei Cao |
| author_sort | Chan Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Both effortful and effortless training have been shown to be effective in enhancing individuals' executive functions. Effortful training improves domain-specific EFs, while effortless training improves domain-general EFs. Furthermore, effortful training has significantly higher training effects on EFs than effortless training. The neural mechanism underlying these different effects remained unclear. The present study conducted meta-analysis on neuroimaging studies to explore the changes of brain activations induced by effortful and effortless training. The results showed that effortful training induced greater activation in superior frontal gyrus, while effortless training induced greater activation in middle frontal gyrus, precuneus and cuneus. The brain regions of MD system enhanced by effortful training were more associated with core cognitive functions underlying EFs, while those enhanced by effortless training were more correlated with language functions. In addition, the significant clusters induced by effortful training had more overlaps with the MD system than effortless training. These results provided us with possibility to discuss the different behavioral results brought by effortful and effortless training. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:32:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2ff5657d8b8740608029f062849cf47c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:32:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-2ff5657d8b8740608029f062849cf47c2023-11-14T13:59:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-11-011710.3389/fnins.2023.12434091243409Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studiesChan Tang0Chan Tang1Chan Tang2Ting Huang3Ting Huang4Jipeng Huang5Jipeng Huang6Nuo Xu7Hui Lyu8Yuan Wang9Yuan Wang10Yifei Cao11Yifei Cao12Yifei Cao13Yifei Cao14School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaZurich Center for Neuroscience, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBoth effortful and effortless training have been shown to be effective in enhancing individuals' executive functions. Effortful training improves domain-specific EFs, while effortless training improves domain-general EFs. Furthermore, effortful training has significantly higher training effects on EFs than effortless training. The neural mechanism underlying these different effects remained unclear. The present study conducted meta-analysis on neuroimaging studies to explore the changes of brain activations induced by effortful and effortless training. The results showed that effortful training induced greater activation in superior frontal gyrus, while effortless training induced greater activation in middle frontal gyrus, precuneus and cuneus. The brain regions of MD system enhanced by effortful training were more associated with core cognitive functions underlying EFs, while those enhanced by effortless training were more correlated with language functions. In addition, the significant clusters induced by effortful training had more overlaps with the MD system than effortless training. These results provided us with possibility to discuss the different behavioral results brought by effortful and effortless training.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1243409/fulleffortful trainingeffortless trainingexecutive functionsmultiple demand systemfMRImeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Chan Tang Chan Tang Chan Tang Ting Huang Ting Huang Jipeng Huang Jipeng Huang Nuo Xu Hui Lyu Yuan Wang Yuan Wang Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Yifei Cao Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies Frontiers in Neuroscience effortful training effortless training executive functions multiple demand system fMRI meta-analysis |
| title | Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies |
| title_full | Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies |
| title_fullStr | Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies |
| title_short | Effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies |
| title_sort | effortful and effortless training of executive functions improve brain multiple demand system activities differently an activation likelihood estimation meta analysis of functional neuroimaging studies |
| topic | effortful training effortless training executive functions multiple demand system fMRI meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1243409/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chantang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT chantang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT chantang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT tinghuang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT tinghuang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT jipenghuang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT jipenghuang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT nuoxu effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT huilyu effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT yuanwang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT yuanwang effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT yifeicao effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT yifeicao effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT yifeicao effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies AT yifeicao effortfulandeffortlesstrainingofexecutivefunctionsimprovebrainmultipledemandsystemactivitiesdifferentlyanactivationlikelihoodestimationmetaanalysisoffunctionalneuroimagingstudies |