The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index
<i>Introduction:</i> The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the manifestation of signs and symptoms that develop after the acute phase of COVID-19, which persist for a duration of more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any alternative diagnosis. It has been...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1583 |
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| author | Lorenzo Falsetti Vincenzo Zaccone Luca Santoro Silvia Santini Emanuele Guerrieri Luca Giuliani Giovanna Viticchi Serena Cataldi Antonio Gasbarrini Francesco Landi Angelo Santoliquido Gianluca Moroncini on behalf of Gemelli Against Covid-Post-Acute Care Study Group |
| author_facet | Lorenzo Falsetti Vincenzo Zaccone Luca Santoro Silvia Santini Emanuele Guerrieri Luca Giuliani Giovanna Viticchi Serena Cataldi Antonio Gasbarrini Francesco Landi Angelo Santoliquido Gianluca Moroncini on behalf of Gemelli Against Covid-Post-Acute Care Study Group |
| author_sort | Lorenzo Falsetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Introduction:</i> The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the manifestation of signs and symptoms that develop after the acute phase of COVID-19, which persist for a duration of more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any alternative diagnosis. It has been observed that individuals with pre-existing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, are at a greater risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a useful tool employed to evaluate the burden of comorbidities and predict the prognosis of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The present study aims to assess whether the burden of comorbidities, evaluated using the CCI, correlates with post-COVID-19 syndrome. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Between 21 April 2020 and 15 May 2023, we enrolled all consecutive outpatients with previous COVID-19 admissions to a post-acute day-hospital service three months after a negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test. We assessed age, sex, BMI, acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 signs, and symptoms and calculated CCI according to its current definition. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was defined as the persistence of at least one sign or symptom lasting more than 12 weeks after COVID-19 resolution and not explained by an alternative diagnosis. The relationship between post-COVID-19 and CCI was explored first with the chi-squared test, then with different binary logistic regression models. We considered significant values of <i>p</i> lower than 0.05. <i>Results:</i> We obtained a cohort of 3636 patients and observed a significant association between the number of post-COVID-19 symptoms and CCI. Patients developing post-COVID-19 were more commonly affected by a greater burden of comorbidities. Patients with at least one CCI point had an increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome (OR:2.961; 95%CI: 2.269–3.863; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), which increased further for CCI ≥ 4 (OR:6.062; 95%CI: 3.163–11.618; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). <i>Conclusions:</i> Patients affected by post-COVID-19 show a greater clinical complexity and a larger burden of comorbidities, synthesized by a higher CCI; moreover, a higher CCI seems to correlate with an increasing post-COVID-19 risk, being the presence of ≥1 or ≥4 CCI points associated with a 3-fold and 6-fold increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:48Z |
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| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3003d6e480ac4164a0794e00b87b7b332023-11-19T11:52:00ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-08-01599158310.3390/medicina59091583The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity IndexLorenzo Falsetti0Vincenzo Zaccone1Luca Santoro2Silvia Santini3Emanuele Guerrieri4Luca Giuliani5Giovanna Viticchi6Serena Cataldi7Antonio Gasbarrini8Francesco Landi9Angelo Santoliquido10Gianluca Moroncini11on behalf of Gemelli Against Covid-Post-Acute Care Study GroupClinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, ItalyInternal and Subintensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyEmergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, ItalyEmergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, ItalyEmergency Medicine Residency Program, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, ItalyClinica Neurologica, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, ItalyClinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy<i>Introduction:</i> The post-COVID-19 syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the manifestation of signs and symptoms that develop after the acute phase of COVID-19, which persist for a duration of more than 12 weeks and are not explained by any alternative diagnosis. It has been observed that individuals with pre-existing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, are at a greater risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a useful tool employed to evaluate the burden of comorbidities and predict the prognosis of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The present study aims to assess whether the burden of comorbidities, evaluated using the CCI, correlates with post-COVID-19 syndrome. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Between 21 April 2020 and 15 May 2023, we enrolled all consecutive outpatients with previous COVID-19 admissions to a post-acute day-hospital service three months after a negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test. We assessed age, sex, BMI, acute COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 signs, and symptoms and calculated CCI according to its current definition. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was defined as the persistence of at least one sign or symptom lasting more than 12 weeks after COVID-19 resolution and not explained by an alternative diagnosis. The relationship between post-COVID-19 and CCI was explored first with the chi-squared test, then with different binary logistic regression models. We considered significant values of <i>p</i> lower than 0.05. <i>Results:</i> We obtained a cohort of 3636 patients and observed a significant association between the number of post-COVID-19 symptoms and CCI. Patients developing post-COVID-19 were more commonly affected by a greater burden of comorbidities. Patients with at least one CCI point had an increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome (OR:2.961; 95%CI: 2.269–3.863; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), which increased further for CCI ≥ 4 (OR:6.062; 95%CI: 3.163–11.618; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). <i>Conclusions:</i> Patients affected by post-COVID-19 show a greater clinical complexity and a larger burden of comorbidities, synthesized by a higher CCI; moreover, a higher CCI seems to correlate with an increasing post-COVID-19 risk, being the presence of ≥1 or ≥4 CCI points associated with a 3-fold and 6-fold increased risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1583post-COVID-19long COVIDpost-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)COVID-19Charlson Comorbidity Indexcomorbidities |
| spellingShingle | Lorenzo Falsetti Vincenzo Zaccone Luca Santoro Silvia Santini Emanuele Guerrieri Luca Giuliani Giovanna Viticchi Serena Cataldi Antonio Gasbarrini Francesco Landi Angelo Santoliquido Gianluca Moroncini on behalf of Gemelli Against Covid-Post-Acute Care Study Group The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index Medicina post-COVID-19 long COVID post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) COVID-19 Charlson Comorbidity Index comorbidities |
| title | The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| title_full | The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| title_fullStr | The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| title_short | The Relationship between Post-COVID Syndrome and the Burden of Comorbidities Assessed Using the Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| title_sort | relationship between post covid syndrome and the burden of comorbidities assessed using the charlson comorbidity index |
| topic | post-COVID-19 long COVID post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) COVID-19 Charlson Comorbidity Index comorbidities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/9/1583 |
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