Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data
Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancie...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.725243/full |
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| author | Guanglin He Guanglin He Guanglin He Guanglin He Mengge Wang Mengge Wang Mengge Wang Xing Zou Xing Zou Pengyu Chen Zheng Wang Yan Liu Hongbin Yao Lan-Hai Wei Renkuan Tang Chuan-Chao Wang Chuan-Chao Wang Chuan-Chao Wang Hui-Yuan Yeh |
| author_facet | Guanglin He Guanglin He Guanglin He Guanglin He Mengge Wang Mengge Wang Mengge Wang Xing Zou Xing Zou Pengyu Chen Zheng Wang Yan Liu Hongbin Yao Lan-Hai Wei Renkuan Tang Chuan-Chao Wang Chuan-Chao Wang Chuan-Chao Wang Hui-Yuan Yeh |
| author_sort | Guanglin He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Archeologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancient and modern DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed the first ancient and modern genomic meta-analysis among 3,017 Paleolithic to present-day Eastern Eurasian genomes (2,444 modern individuals from 183 populations and 573 ancient individuals). We identified a close genetic connection between the ancient-modern highland Tibetans and lowland island/coastal Neolithic Northern East Asians (NEA). This observed genetic affinity reflected the primary ancestry of high-altitude Tibeto-Burman speakers originated from the Neolithic farming populations in the Yellow River Basin. The identified pattern was consistent with the proposed common north-China origin hypothesis of the Sino-Tibetan languages and dispersal patterns of the northern millet farmers. We also observed the genetic differentiation between the highlanders and lowland NEAs. The former harbored more deeply diverged Hoabinhian/Onge-related ancestry and the latter possessed more Neolithic southern East Asian (SEA) or Siberian-related ancestry. Our reconstructed qpAdm and qpGraph models suggested the co-existence of Paleolithic and Neolithic ancestries in the Neolithic to modern East Asian highlanders. Additionally, we found that Tibetans from Ü-Tsang/Ando/Kham regions showed a strong population stratification consistent with their cultural background and geographic terrain. Ü-Tsang Tibetans possessed a stronger Chokhopani-affinity, Ando Tibetans had more Western Eurasian related ancestry and Kham Tibetans harbored greater Neolithic southern EA ancestry. Generally, ancient and modern genomes documented multiple waves of human migrations in the TP’s past. The first layer of local hunter-gatherers mixed with incoming millet farmers and arose the Chokhopani-associated Proto-Tibetan-Burman highlanders, which further respectively mixed with additional genetic contributors from the western Eurasian Steppe, Yellow River and Yangtze River and finally gave rise to the modern Ando, Ü-Tsang and Kham Tibetans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:23:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:23:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-300dd5ddb9fb4fb680e3d95cc91eed972022-12-21T18:57:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212021-09-011210.3389/fgene.2021.725243725243Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide DataGuanglin He0Guanglin He1Guanglin He2Guanglin He3Mengge Wang4Mengge Wang5Mengge Wang6Xing Zou7Xing Zou8Pengyu Chen9Zheng Wang10Yan Liu11Hongbin Yao12Lan-Hai Wei13Renkuan Tang14Chuan-Chao Wang15Chuan-Chao Wang16Chuan-Chao Wang17Hui-Yuan Yeh18School of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInstitute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaGuangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, ChinaFaculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, ChinaCenter of Forensic Expertise, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, ChinaInstitute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China0School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China1Key Laboratory of Evidence Science of Gansu Province, Gansu Institute of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, ChinaDepartment of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China2Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaSchool of Humanities, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, SingaporeArcheologically attested human occupation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be traced back to 160 thousand years ago (kya) via the archaic Xiahe people and 30∼40 kya via the Nwya Devu anatomically modern human. However, the history of the Tibetan populations and their migration inferred from the ancient and modern DNA remains unclear. Here, we performed the first ancient and modern genomic meta-analysis among 3,017 Paleolithic to present-day Eastern Eurasian genomes (2,444 modern individuals from 183 populations and 573 ancient individuals). We identified a close genetic connection between the ancient-modern highland Tibetans and lowland island/coastal Neolithic Northern East Asians (NEA). This observed genetic affinity reflected the primary ancestry of high-altitude Tibeto-Burman speakers originated from the Neolithic farming populations in the Yellow River Basin. The identified pattern was consistent with the proposed common north-China origin hypothesis of the Sino-Tibetan languages and dispersal patterns of the northern millet farmers. We also observed the genetic differentiation between the highlanders and lowland NEAs. The former harbored more deeply diverged Hoabinhian/Onge-related ancestry and the latter possessed more Neolithic southern East Asian (SEA) or Siberian-related ancestry. Our reconstructed qpAdm and qpGraph models suggested the co-existence of Paleolithic and Neolithic ancestries in the Neolithic to modern East Asian highlanders. Additionally, we found that Tibetans from Ü-Tsang/Ando/Kham regions showed a strong population stratification consistent with their cultural background and geographic terrain. Ü-Tsang Tibetans possessed a stronger Chokhopani-affinity, Ando Tibetans had more Western Eurasian related ancestry and Kham Tibetans harbored greater Neolithic southern EA ancestry. Generally, ancient and modern genomes documented multiple waves of human migrations in the TP’s past. The first layer of local hunter-gatherers mixed with incoming millet farmers and arose the Chokhopani-associated Proto-Tibetan-Burman highlanders, which further respectively mixed with additional genetic contributors from the western Eurasian Steppe, Yellow River and Yangtze River and finally gave rise to the modern Ando, Ü-Tsang and Kham Tibetans.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.725243/fullEast Asiangenetic historySino-TibetanTibetan Plateauancient genomes |
| spellingShingle | Guanglin He Guanglin He Guanglin He Guanglin He Mengge Wang Mengge Wang Mengge Wang Xing Zou Xing Zou Pengyu Chen Zheng Wang Yan Liu Hongbin Yao Lan-Hai Wei Renkuan Tang Chuan-Chao Wang Chuan-Chao Wang Chuan-Chao Wang Hui-Yuan Yeh Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data Frontiers in Genetics East Asian genetic history Sino-Tibetan Tibetan Plateau ancient genomes |
| title | Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data |
| title_full | Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data |
| title_fullStr | Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data |
| title_short | Peopling History of the Tibetan Plateau and Multiple Waves of Admixture of Tibetans Inferred From Both Ancient and Modern Genome-Wide Data |
| title_sort | peopling history of the tibetan plateau and multiple waves of admixture of tibetans inferred from both ancient and modern genome wide data |
| topic | East Asian genetic history Sino-Tibetan Tibetan Plateau ancient genomes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.725243/full |
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