EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait
In this paper, we describe and validate the EquiMoves system, which aims to support equine veterinarians in assessing lameness and gait performance in horses. The system works by capturing horse motion from up to eight synchronized wireless inertial measurement units. It can be used in various equin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/850 |
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| author | Stephan Bosch Filipe Serra Bragança Mihai Marin-Perianu Raluca Marin-Perianu Berend Jan van der Zwaag John Voskamp Willem Back René van Weeren Paul Havinga |
| author_facet | Stephan Bosch Filipe Serra Bragança Mihai Marin-Perianu Raluca Marin-Perianu Berend Jan van der Zwaag John Voskamp Willem Back René van Weeren Paul Havinga |
| author_sort | Stephan Bosch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we describe and validate the EquiMoves system, which aims to support equine veterinarians in assessing lameness and gait performance in horses. The system works by capturing horse motion from up to eight synchronized wireless inertial measurement units. It can be used in various equine gait modes, and analyzes both upper-body and limb movements. The validation against an optical motion capture system is based on a Bland–Altman analysis that illustrates the agreement between the two systems. The sagittal kinematic results (protraction, retraction, and sagittal range of motion) show limits of agreement of ± 2.3 degrees and an absolute bias of 0.3 degrees in the worst case. The coronal kinematic results (adduction, abduction, and coronal range of motion) show limits of agreement of − 8.8 and 8.1 degrees, and an absolute bias of 0.4 degrees in the worst case. The worse coronal kinematic results are most likely caused by the optical system setup (depth perception difficulty and suboptimal marker placement). The upper-body symmetry results show no significant bias in the agreement between the two systems; in most cases, the agreement is within ±5 mm. On a trial-level basis, the limits of agreement for withers and sacrum are within ±2 mm, meaning that the system can properly quantify motion asymmetry. Overall, the bias for all symmetry-related results is less than 1 mm, which is important for reproducibility and further comparison to other systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:49:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-301268f2e6814f79a950bf33532ec6f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:49:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-301268f2e6814f79a950bf33532ec6f22022-12-22T01:57:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-03-0118385010.3390/s18030850s18030850EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse GaitStephan Bosch0Filipe Serra Bragança1Mihai Marin-Perianu2Raluca Marin-Perianu3Berend Jan van der Zwaag4John Voskamp5Willem Back6René van Weeren7Paul Havinga8Inertia Technology B.V., 7521 AG Enschede, The NetherlandsDepartment of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The NetherlandsInertia Technology B.V., 7521 AG Enschede, The NetherlandsInertia Technology B.V., 7521 AG Enschede, The NetherlandsInertia Technology B.V., 7521 AG Enschede, The NetherlandsRosmark Consultancy, 6733 AA Wekerom, The NetherlandsDepartment of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Computer Science, Pervasive Systems Group, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsIn this paper, we describe and validate the EquiMoves system, which aims to support equine veterinarians in assessing lameness and gait performance in horses. The system works by capturing horse motion from up to eight synchronized wireless inertial measurement units. It can be used in various equine gait modes, and analyzes both upper-body and limb movements. The validation against an optical motion capture system is based on a Bland–Altman analysis that illustrates the agreement between the two systems. The sagittal kinematic results (protraction, retraction, and sagittal range of motion) show limits of agreement of ± 2.3 degrees and an absolute bias of 0.3 degrees in the worst case. The coronal kinematic results (adduction, abduction, and coronal range of motion) show limits of agreement of − 8.8 and 8.1 degrees, and an absolute bias of 0.4 degrees in the worst case. The worse coronal kinematic results are most likely caused by the optical system setup (depth perception difficulty and suboptimal marker placement). The upper-body symmetry results show no significant bias in the agreement between the two systems; in most cases, the agreement is within ±5 mm. On a trial-level basis, the limits of agreement for withers and sacrum are within ±2 mm, meaning that the system can properly quantify motion asymmetry. Overall, the bias for all symmetry-related results is less than 1 mm, which is important for reproducibility and further comparison to other systems.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/850horsegait analysislamenessIMUoptical motion captureagreement analysis |
| spellingShingle | Stephan Bosch Filipe Serra Bragança Mihai Marin-Perianu Raluca Marin-Perianu Berend Jan van der Zwaag John Voskamp Willem Back René van Weeren Paul Havinga EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait Sensors horse gait analysis lameness IMU optical motion capture agreement analysis |
| title | EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait |
| title_full | EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait |
| title_fullStr | EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait |
| title_full_unstemmed | EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait |
| title_short | EquiMoves: A Wireless Networked Inertial Measurement System for Objective Examination of Horse Gait |
| title_sort | equimoves a wireless networked inertial measurement system for objective examination of horse gait |
| topic | horse gait analysis lameness IMU optical motion capture agreement analysis |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/850 |
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