Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a global health concern in 2016 due to its links to congenital microcephaly and other birth defects. Flaviviruses, including ZIKV, reorganize the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a viroplasm, a compartment where virus particles are assembled. Microtubules (MTs) and microtu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3335 |
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| author | Rebecca A. Buchwalter Sarah C. Ogden Sara B. York Li Sun Chunfeng Zheng Christy Hammack Yichen Cheng Jieyan V. Chen Allaura S. Cone David G. Meckes Hengli Tang Timothy L. Megraw |
| author_facet | Rebecca A. Buchwalter Sarah C. Ogden Sara B. York Li Sun Chunfeng Zheng Christy Hammack Yichen Cheng Jieyan V. Chen Allaura S. Cone David G. Meckes Hengli Tang Timothy L. Megraw |
| author_sort | Rebecca A. Buchwalter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zika virus (ZIKV) became a global health concern in 2016 due to its links to congenital microcephaly and other birth defects. Flaviviruses, including ZIKV, reorganize the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a viroplasm, a compartment where virus particles are assembled. Microtubules (MTs) and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) coordinate structural and trafficking functions in the cell, and MTs also support replication of flaviviruses. Here we investigated the roles of MTs and the cell’s MTOCs on ZIKV viroplasm organization and virus production. We show that a toroidal-shaped viroplasm forms upon ZIKV infection, and MTs are organized at the viroplasm core and surrounding the viroplasm. We show that MTs are necessary for viroplasm organization and impact infectious virus production. In addition, the centrosome and the Golgi MTOC are closely associated with the viroplasm, and the centrosome coordinates the organization of the ZIKV viroplasm toroidal structure. Surprisingly, viroplasm formation and virus production are not significantly impaired when infected cells have no centrosomes and impaired Golgi MTOC, and we show that MTs are anchored to the viroplasm surface in these cells. We propose that the viroplasm is a site of MT organization, and the MTs organized at the viroplasm are sufficient for efficient virus production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:25:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-303032ca97c04348983879c035ca9e8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:25:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-303032ca97c04348983879c035ca9e8f2023-11-23T07:36:22ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-11-011012333510.3390/cells10123335Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing CentersRebecca A. Buchwalter0Sarah C. Ogden1Sara B. York2Li Sun3Chunfeng Zheng4Christy Hammack5Yichen Cheng6Jieyan V. Chen7Allaura S. Cone8David G. Meckes9Hengli Tang10Timothy L. Megraw11Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USAZika virus (ZIKV) became a global health concern in 2016 due to its links to congenital microcephaly and other birth defects. Flaviviruses, including ZIKV, reorganize the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form a viroplasm, a compartment where virus particles are assembled. Microtubules (MTs) and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) coordinate structural and trafficking functions in the cell, and MTs also support replication of flaviviruses. Here we investigated the roles of MTs and the cell’s MTOCs on ZIKV viroplasm organization and virus production. We show that a toroidal-shaped viroplasm forms upon ZIKV infection, and MTs are organized at the viroplasm core and surrounding the viroplasm. We show that MTs are necessary for viroplasm organization and impact infectious virus production. In addition, the centrosome and the Golgi MTOC are closely associated with the viroplasm, and the centrosome coordinates the organization of the ZIKV viroplasm toroidal structure. Surprisingly, viroplasm formation and virus production are not significantly impaired when infected cells have no centrosomes and impaired Golgi MTOC, and we show that MTs are anchored to the viroplasm surface in these cells. We propose that the viroplasm is a site of MT organization, and the MTs organized at the viroplasm are sufficient for efficient virus production.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3335Zika virusZIKVflaviviruscentrosomecentriolemicrotubule-organizing center |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca A. Buchwalter Sarah C. Ogden Sara B. York Li Sun Chunfeng Zheng Christy Hammack Yichen Cheng Jieyan V. Chen Allaura S. Cone David G. Meckes Hengli Tang Timothy L. Megraw Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers Cells Zika virus ZIKV flavivirus centrosome centriole microtubule-organizing center |
| title | Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers |
| title_full | Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers |
| title_fullStr | Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers |
| title_short | Coordination of Zika Virus Infection and Viroplasm Organization by Microtubules and Microtubule-Organizing Centers |
| title_sort | coordination of zika virus infection and viroplasm organization by microtubules and microtubule organizing centers |
| topic | Zika virus ZIKV flavivirus centrosome centriole microtubule-organizing center |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/12/3335 |
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