Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19
The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and is responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 global pandemic. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are strongly associated with respiratory symptoms during infection, but gastrointestinal symptoms,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Genes and Diseases |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352304220301185 |
| _version_ | 1797724243339771904 |
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| author | Jilei Zhang Shari Garrett Jun Sun |
| author_facet | Jilei Zhang Shari Garrett Jun Sun |
| author_sort | Jilei Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and is responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 global pandemic. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are strongly associated with respiratory symptoms during infection, but gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain, have been identified in subsets of COVID-19 patients. This article focuses on gastrointestinal symptoms and pathophysiology in COVID-19 disease. Evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract could be a viral target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Not only is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 highly expressed in the GI tract and is associated with digestive symptoms, but bleeding and inflammation are observed in the intestine of COVID-19 patients. We further systemically summarize the correlation between COVID-19 disease, gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal microbiota. The potential oral-fecal transmission of COVID-19 was supported by viral RNA and live virus detection in the feces of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the viral balance in the GI tract could be disordered during SARS-CoV-2 infection which could further impact the homeostasis of the gut microbial flora. Finally, we discuss the clinical and ongoing trials of treatments/therapies, including antiviral drugs, plasma transfusion and immunoglobulins, and diet supplementations for COVID-19. By reviewing the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and understanding the correlation among COVID-19, inflammation, intestinal microbiota, and lung microbiota, we provide perspective in prevention and control, as well as diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:13:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30339b5cb6d34e6c9bd05639122e0f39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-3042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:13:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes and Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-30339b5cb6d34e6c9bd05639122e0f392023-09-02T10:37:26ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Genes and Diseases2352-30422021-07-0184385400Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19Jilei Zhang0Shari Garrett1Jun Sun2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and is responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 global pandemic. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are strongly associated with respiratory symptoms during infection, but gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain, have been identified in subsets of COVID-19 patients. This article focuses on gastrointestinal symptoms and pathophysiology in COVID-19 disease. Evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract could be a viral target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Not only is the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 highly expressed in the GI tract and is associated with digestive symptoms, but bleeding and inflammation are observed in the intestine of COVID-19 patients. We further systemically summarize the correlation between COVID-19 disease, gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal microbiota. The potential oral-fecal transmission of COVID-19 was supported by viral RNA and live virus detection in the feces of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the viral balance in the GI tract could be disordered during SARS-CoV-2 infection which could further impact the homeostasis of the gut microbial flora. Finally, we discuss the clinical and ongoing trials of treatments/therapies, including antiviral drugs, plasma transfusion and immunoglobulins, and diet supplementations for COVID-19. By reviewing the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and understanding the correlation among COVID-19, inflammation, intestinal microbiota, and lung microbiota, we provide perspective in prevention and control, as well as diagnosis and treatment of the COVID-19 disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352304220301185ACE-2COVID-19CytokineGI symptomsInflammationMicrobiota |
| spellingShingle | Jilei Zhang Shari Garrett Jun Sun Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19 Genes and Diseases ACE-2 COVID-19 Cytokine GI symptoms Inflammation Microbiota |
| title | Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19 |
| title_full | Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19 |
| title_short | Gastrointestinal symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment in COVID-19 |
| title_sort | gastrointestinal symptoms pathophysiology and treatment in covid 19 |
| topic | ACE-2 COVID-19 Cytokine GI symptoms Inflammation Microbiota |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352304220301185 |
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