A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery
A thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries is an essential requirement for electric vehicle operation due to the large amount of heat generated by these cylindrical batteries during fast charging/discharging. Previously, researchers have focused mostly on pouch and prismatic cells with he...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/9/456 |
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| author | Arman Burkitbayev Delika M. Weragoda Francesco Ciampa Kin Hing Lo Guohong Tian |
| author_facet | Arman Burkitbayev Delika M. Weragoda Francesco Ciampa Kin Hing Lo Guohong Tian |
| author_sort | Arman Burkitbayev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries is an essential requirement for electric vehicle operation due to the large amount of heat generated by these cylindrical batteries during fast charging/discharging. Previously, researchers have focused mostly on pouch and prismatic cells with heat pipes arranged in the horizontal direction. The current study introduces a novel vertically-oriented heat-pipe-based hybrid cooling battery thermal management system (BTMS) that numerically evaluates the thermal performance of the cylindrical batteries and the flow pattern within the cooling channel at C rates as high as 8C. The model was experimentally validated using five round heat pipes in a vertical orientation utilizing the effect of gravity to assist condensate flow through the heat pipe. The heat pipes were arranged in a staggered pattern to improve the overall heat transfer performance by means of forced convective cooling. This design allowed for maximizing the heat transfer process despite the lack of contact between the cylindrical-shaped batteries and round-shaped heat pipes. During this study, the temperatures of the evaporator end and the condenser end of the heat pipes and battery surfaces were monitored, and the thermal performances of the system were determined at varying inlet cooling liquid temperatures (15, 20, 25 °C) and high rates of 4C and 8C. Representatively, the proposed hybrid BTMS could maintain a maximum battery surface temperature of around 64 °C and a temperature difference between cells under 2.5 °C when the inlet velocity was 0.33 L/min and the cooling liquid temperature was 25 °C. The high temperatures reached the fourth and fifth heat pipes because they are part of the backflow design and are affected by backflow temperature. Nevertheless, the current design shows that the proposed system can maintain battery surface temperatures well within 5 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:02:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3035f341d8714718852f33d0043b98ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:02:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-3035f341d8714718852f33d0043b98ca2023-11-19T09:33:41ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-09-019945610.3390/batteries9090456A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical BatteryArman Burkitbayev0Delika M. Weragoda1Francesco Ciampa2Kin Hing Lo3Guohong Tian4School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKA thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries is an essential requirement for electric vehicle operation due to the large amount of heat generated by these cylindrical batteries during fast charging/discharging. Previously, researchers have focused mostly on pouch and prismatic cells with heat pipes arranged in the horizontal direction. The current study introduces a novel vertically-oriented heat-pipe-based hybrid cooling battery thermal management system (BTMS) that numerically evaluates the thermal performance of the cylindrical batteries and the flow pattern within the cooling channel at C rates as high as 8C. The model was experimentally validated using five round heat pipes in a vertical orientation utilizing the effect of gravity to assist condensate flow through the heat pipe. The heat pipes were arranged in a staggered pattern to improve the overall heat transfer performance by means of forced convective cooling. This design allowed for maximizing the heat transfer process despite the lack of contact between the cylindrical-shaped batteries and round-shaped heat pipes. During this study, the temperatures of the evaporator end and the condenser end of the heat pipes and battery surfaces were monitored, and the thermal performances of the system were determined at varying inlet cooling liquid temperatures (15, 20, 25 °C) and high rates of 4C and 8C. Representatively, the proposed hybrid BTMS could maintain a maximum battery surface temperature of around 64 °C and a temperature difference between cells under 2.5 °C when the inlet velocity was 0.33 L/min and the cooling liquid temperature was 25 °C. The high temperatures reached the fourth and fifth heat pipes because they are part of the backflow design and are affected by backflow temperature. Nevertheless, the current design shows that the proposed system can maintain battery surface temperatures well within 5 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/9/456battery thermal management systemheat pipesthermal resistance network modelheater cartridgeslithium-ion batterieselectric vehicles |
| spellingShingle | Arman Burkitbayev Delika M. Weragoda Francesco Ciampa Kin Hing Lo Guohong Tian A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery Batteries battery thermal management system heat pipes thermal resistance network model heater cartridges lithium-ion batteries electric vehicles |
| title | A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery |
| title_full | A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery |
| title_fullStr | A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery |
| title_short | A Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a Gravity-Assisted Heat-Pipe-Based Battery Thermal Management System for a Cylindrical Battery |
| title_sort | numerical and experimental investigation on a gravity assisted heat pipe based battery thermal management system for a cylindrical battery |
| topic | battery thermal management system heat pipes thermal resistance network model heater cartridges lithium-ion batteries electric vehicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/9/456 |
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