Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i>
<i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> methanol extract (PHE) was studied to identify anticancer effects and reveal its mechanism of action by an analysis of cytotoxicity, cell cycles, and apoptosis biomarkers. PHE showed strong cytotoxicity in various cancer cells, including HL-60, HeLa, A549, H...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/188 |
| _version_ | 1827602404409868288 |
|---|---|
| author | Ji-In Noh Seul-Ki Mun Eui Hyeon Lim Hangun Kim Dong-Jo Chang Jae-Seoun Hur Sung-Tae Yee |
| author_facet | Ji-In Noh Seul-Ki Mun Eui Hyeon Lim Hangun Kim Dong-Jo Chang Jae-Seoun Hur Sung-Tae Yee |
| author_sort | Ji-In Noh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> methanol extract (PHE) was studied to identify anticancer effects and reveal its mechanism of action by an analysis of cytotoxicity, cell cycles, and apoptosis biomarkers. PHE showed strong cytotoxicity in various cancer cells, including HL-60, HeLa, A549, Hep G2, AGS, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Of these cell lines, the growth of MDA-MB-231 was concentration-dependently suppressed by PHE, but MCF-7 was not affected. MDA-MB-231 cells, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), whereas MCF-7 cells are ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER-2-negative breast cancer cells. The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after 24 h of treatment, and annexin V/PI staining showed that the population size of apoptotic cells was increased by prolonged exposure to PHE. Moreover, PHE treatment downregulated the transcriptional levels of Bcl-2, AMPK, and <i>p</i>-Akt, whereas it significantly upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the PHE exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231, not toward MCF-7, and its cytotoxic activity is based on induction of apoptosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:17:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3037d6130ff3432c9f94228869c18bd6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:17:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-3037d6130ff3432c9f94228869c18bd62023-12-03T12:43:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-03-017318810.3390/jof7030188Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i>Ji-In Noh0Seul-Ki Mun1Eui Hyeon Lim2Hangun Kim3Dong-Jo Chang4Jae-Seoun Hur5Sung-Tae Yee6Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Education, Korea Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 549-742, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea<i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> methanol extract (PHE) was studied to identify anticancer effects and reveal its mechanism of action by an analysis of cytotoxicity, cell cycles, and apoptosis biomarkers. PHE showed strong cytotoxicity in various cancer cells, including HL-60, HeLa, A549, Hep G2, AGS, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Of these cell lines, the growth of MDA-MB-231 was concentration-dependently suppressed by PHE, but MCF-7 was not affected. MDA-MB-231 cells, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), whereas MCF-7 cells are ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER-2-negative breast cancer cells. The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after 24 h of treatment, and annexin V/PI staining showed that the population size of apoptotic cells was increased by prolonged exposure to PHE. Moreover, PHE treatment downregulated the transcriptional levels of Bcl-2, AMPK, and <i>p</i>-Akt, whereas it significantly upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the PHE exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231, not toward MCF-7, and its cytotoxic activity is based on induction of apoptosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/188triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)MDA-MB-231MCF-7apoptosisanticancerlichen |
| spellingShingle | Ji-In Noh Seul-Ki Mun Eui Hyeon Lim Hangun Kim Dong-Jo Chang Jae-Seoun Hur Sung-Tae Yee Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> Journal of Fungi triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 apoptosis anticancer lichen |
| title | Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> |
| title_full | Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> |
| title_short | Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen <i>Physconia hokkaidensis</i> |
| title_sort | induction of apoptosis in mda mb 231 cells treated with the methanol extract of lichen i physconia hokkaidensis i |
| topic | triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 apoptosis anticancer lichen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/188 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiinnoh inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi AT seulkimun inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi AT euihyeonlim inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi AT hangunkim inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi AT dongjochang inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi AT jaeseounhur inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi AT sungtaeyee inductionofapoptosisinmdamb231cellstreatedwiththemethanolextractoflicheniphysconiahokkaidensisi |