Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758)
Background : Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of snake physiological status. Although reference ranges are readily available for many snake species, they are lacking for most venomous ophidians. We determined hematology and plasma biochemistry...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SciELO
2014-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992014000200320&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818334644757594112 |
|---|---|
| author | Siba Prasad Parida Sushil Kumar Dutta Arttatrana Pal |
| author_facet | Siba Prasad Parida Sushil Kumar Dutta Arttatrana Pal |
| author_sort | Siba Prasad Parida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background : Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of snake physiological status. Although reference ranges are readily available for many snake species, they are lacking for most venomous ophidians. We determined hematology and plasma biochemistry reference ranges for the wild-caught Indian cobra, Naja naja.Results : Blood samples, taken from the ventral tail vein, were assessed for erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, considering the sex of snakes. Results revealed the erythrocyte numbers (male, 390000 ± 12503.33/mm3 and female, 347500 ± 7505.55/mm3), shapes and the centrally located oval nuclei. Leukocytes were round, circular or disk-shaped, and the mean size was larger in male than female snakes. The maximum number of leukocytes was found to be 11700 ± 100/mm3 in male and 12100 ±200/mm3 in female snakes, and mean values of differential leukocyte count differed statistically between male and female snakes. The total leukocyte levels were found to be higher in female snakes, but the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV values were higher in male snakes. However, the MCH and MCHC values remained higher in female snakes throughout the study period. Mean protein and cholesterol contents differed significantly between male (45.32 ± 1.76 and 3.76 ± 0.06 mg/mL) and female (12.47 ± 0.82 and 4.72 ± 0.2 mg/mL) snakes.Conclusions : In conclusion, monitoring snake hematological and biochemical parameters can serve as a means to evaluate the physiological and health status of N. najapopulations, which may be a useful indicator of their environmental status. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:10:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3038be907bac47a9bdca65a6f8f9c0cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-9199 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:10:49Z |
| publishDate | 2014-05-01 |
| publisher | SciELO |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-3038be907bac47a9bdca65a6f8f9c0cc2022-12-21T23:42:28ZengSciELOJournal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases1678-91992014-05-0120010.1186/1678-9199-20-14S1678-91992014000200320Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758)Siba Prasad ParidaSushil Kumar DuttaArttatrana PalBackground : Hematology and plasma biochemistry parameters are useful in the assessment and management of snake physiological status. Although reference ranges are readily available for many snake species, they are lacking for most venomous ophidians. We determined hematology and plasma biochemistry reference ranges for the wild-caught Indian cobra, Naja naja.Results : Blood samples, taken from the ventral tail vein, were assessed for erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, considering the sex of snakes. Results revealed the erythrocyte numbers (male, 390000 ± 12503.33/mm3 and female, 347500 ± 7505.55/mm3), shapes and the centrally located oval nuclei. Leukocytes were round, circular or disk-shaped, and the mean size was larger in male than female snakes. The maximum number of leukocytes was found to be 11700 ± 100/mm3 in male and 12100 ±200/mm3 in female snakes, and mean values of differential leukocyte count differed statistically between male and female snakes. The total leukocyte levels were found to be higher in female snakes, but the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV values were higher in male snakes. However, the MCH and MCHC values remained higher in female snakes throughout the study period. Mean protein and cholesterol contents differed significantly between male (45.32 ± 1.76 and 3.76 ± 0.06 mg/mL) and female (12.47 ± 0.82 and 4.72 ± 0.2 mg/mL) snakes.Conclusions : In conclusion, monitoring snake hematological and biochemical parameters can serve as a means to evaluate the physiological and health status of N. najapopulations, which may be a useful indicator of their environmental status.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992014000200320&lng=en&tlng=enReference rangeSnakeNaja najaHematologyPlasma biochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Siba Prasad Parida Sushil Kumar Dutta Arttatrana Pal Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758) Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases Reference range Snake Naja naja Hematology Plasma biochemistry |
| title | Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_full | Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_fullStr | Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_short | Hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild-caught Indian cobra Naja naja(Linnaeus, 1758) |
| title_sort | hematology and plasma biochemistry of wild caught indian cobra naja naja linnaeus 1758 |
| topic | Reference range Snake Naja naja Hematology Plasma biochemistry |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992014000200320&lng=en&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sibaprasadparida hematologyandplasmabiochemistryofwildcaughtindiancobranajanajalinnaeus1758 AT sushilkumardutta hematologyandplasmabiochemistryofwildcaughtindiancobranajanajalinnaeus1758 AT arttatranapal hematologyandplasmabiochemistryofwildcaughtindiancobranajanajalinnaeus1758 |