High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection
An ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) antenna for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications is designed to check soil moisture and provide good-quality images of metallic targets hidden in the soil. GPR is a promising technology for detecting and identifying buried objects, such as landmines, and investiga...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5183 |
| _version_ | 1797415964039446528 |
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| author | Tale Saeidi Adam R. H. Alhawari Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani Turki Alsuwian Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer Abbasi |
| author_facet | Tale Saeidi Adam R. H. Alhawari Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani Turki Alsuwian Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer Abbasi |
| author_sort | Tale Saeidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) antenna for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications is designed to check soil moisture and provide good-quality images of metallic targets hidden in the soil. GPR is a promising technology for detecting and identifying buried objects, such as landmines, and investigating soil in terms of moisture content and contamination. A paddle-shaped microstrip antenna is created by cutting a rectangular patch at one of its diametrical edges fed by the coplanar waveguide technique. The antenna is loaded by stubs, shorting pins, and a split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structure to increase the antenna’s gain and enhance the bandwidth (BW) towards both the lower and higher end of the working BW. The antenna’s performance in soil inspection is studied in terms of the operating frequency range, different types of soil, different distances (e.g., 50 cm) between the antenna arrays and soil, S-parameters, and gain. Following this, the antenna’s ability to find a metallic target in the soil is tested, considering different array numbers, multi-targets, and locations. The antenna is designed on a thin layer of economic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate with dimensions 50 × 39 × 0.508 mm<sup>3</sup> and works in the frequency range 1.9–9.2 GHz. In addition, two more resonances at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz are also achieved; hence, the antenna works for more than two application bands, such as the ISM- and L-bands. The measurement results validated excellent agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, the recommended antenna offering a high gain of about 10.8 dBi and maximum efficiency above 97% proved able to discriminate between hidden objects and even recognize their shapes. Moreover, the reconstructed images show that the antenna can detect an object in the soil at any location. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-303e9a5af1e449f48dda83a0311a997a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:57:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-303e9a5af1e449f48dda83a0311a997a2023-12-03T12:12:25ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-07-012214518310.3390/s22145183High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil InspectionTale Saeidi0Adam R. H. Alhawari1Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani2Turki Alsuwian3Muhammad Ali Imran4Qammer Abbasi5The Microwave Antenna, Device and Systems (MADs) Laboratory, 413 LG Reserach Bldg., 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang-si 37673, Gyeongsangbuk-do, KoreaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi ArabiaCommunications Sensing and Imaging Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKCommunications Sensing and Imaging Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKAn ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) antenna for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications is designed to check soil moisture and provide good-quality images of metallic targets hidden in the soil. GPR is a promising technology for detecting and identifying buried objects, such as landmines, and investigating soil in terms of moisture content and contamination. A paddle-shaped microstrip antenna is created by cutting a rectangular patch at one of its diametrical edges fed by the coplanar waveguide technique. The antenna is loaded by stubs, shorting pins, and a split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structure to increase the antenna’s gain and enhance the bandwidth (BW) towards both the lower and higher end of the working BW. The antenna’s performance in soil inspection is studied in terms of the operating frequency range, different types of soil, different distances (e.g., 50 cm) between the antenna arrays and soil, S-parameters, and gain. Following this, the antenna’s ability to find a metallic target in the soil is tested, considering different array numbers, multi-targets, and locations. The antenna is designed on a thin layer of economic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate with dimensions 50 × 39 × 0.508 mm<sup>3</sup> and works in the frequency range 1.9–9.2 GHz. In addition, two more resonances at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz are also achieved; hence, the antenna works for more than two application bands, such as the ISM- and L-bands. The measurement results validated excellent agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, the recommended antenna offering a high gain of about 10.8 dBi and maximum efficiency above 97% proved able to discriminate between hidden objects and even recognize their shapes. Moreover, the reconstructed images show that the antenna can detect an object in the soil at any location.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5183ground penetrating radarCPWultra-widebandsoil inspectionimage reconstruction |
| spellingShingle | Tale Saeidi Adam R. H. Alhawari Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani Turki Alsuwian Muhammad Ali Imran Qammer Abbasi High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection Sensors ground penetrating radar CPW ultra-wideband soil inspection image reconstruction |
| title | High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection |
| title_full | High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection |
| title_fullStr | High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection |
| title_short | High Gain Compact UWB Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar Detection and Soil Inspection |
| title_sort | high gain compact uwb antenna for ground penetrating radar detection and soil inspection |
| topic | ground penetrating radar CPW ultra-wideband soil inspection image reconstruction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/14/5183 |
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