Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review
Swimming is a time-based sport and hence strongly dependent from velocity. Most studies about swimming refer to velocity as discrete variable, i.e., 0-D (no time dimension). However, it was argued that using swimming velocity as a continuous variable (1-D, with time dimension) with Statistical Param...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1213151/full |
| _version_ | 1797792353739603968 |
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| author | Jorge E. Morais Jorge E. Morais Tiago M. Barbosa Tiago M. Barbosa Tomohiro Gonjo Daniel A. Marinho Daniel A. Marinho |
| author_facet | Jorge E. Morais Jorge E. Morais Tiago M. Barbosa Tiago M. Barbosa Tomohiro Gonjo Daniel A. Marinho Daniel A. Marinho |
| author_sort | Jorge E. Morais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Swimming is a time-based sport and hence strongly dependent from velocity. Most studies about swimming refer to velocity as discrete variable, i.e., 0-D (no time dimension). However, it was argued that using swimming velocity as a continuous variable (1-D, with time dimension) with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) can bring deeper and detailed insights about swimming performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review about the current body of knowledge of using Statistical Parametric Mapping in a swimming context. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant articles. After screening, nine articles related to Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis in swimming were retained for synthesis. Results showed that four articles (44.4%) aimed to understand the kinematics, isokinetic joint torque or electromyographic (EMG) pattern of the swimmer’s shoulder either on land or during front crawl trials. Two articles (22.2%) focused on understanding the swimming velocity while performing the breaststroke stroke. One article (11.1%) analyzed the swimmers’ propulsion at front-crawl stroke, another one (11.1%) compared swimming velocity during a complete stroke cycle in young swimmers of both sexes as a discrete variable and as a continuous variable. Also, one article (11.1%) analyzed the underwater undulatory velocity. In an EMG context, some findings verified in SPM are not possible to be discovered with traditional 0-D statistical methods. Studies about swimming velocity (breaststroke, freestyle, and underwater undulatory velocity) and propulsion (front-crawl) also highlighted the SPM advantages in comparison to traditional statistical methods. By using SPM, researchers were able to verify specifically where within the stroke cycle significant differences were found. Therefore, coaches can get more detailed information to design specific training drills to overcome hypothetical handicaps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:31:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30431eaff5454c38bf58c7894499101c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:31:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-30431eaff5454c38bf58c7894499101c2023-06-29T13:03:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2023-06-011410.3389/fphys.2023.12131511213151Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic reviewJorge E. Morais0Jorge E. Morais1Tiago M. Barbosa2Tiago M. Barbosa3Tomohiro Gonjo4Daniel A. Marinho5Daniel A. Marinho6Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Department of Sports Sciences, Bragança, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, PortugalInstituto Politécnico de Bragança, Department of Sports Sciences, Bragança, PortugalResearch Center in Sports Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, PortugalSchool of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure, and Society, Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United KingdomResearch Center in Sports Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, PortugalUniversity of Beira Interior, Department of Sports Sciences, Covilhã, PortugalSwimming is a time-based sport and hence strongly dependent from velocity. Most studies about swimming refer to velocity as discrete variable, i.e., 0-D (no time dimension). However, it was argued that using swimming velocity as a continuous variable (1-D, with time dimension) with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) can bring deeper and detailed insights about swimming performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review about the current body of knowledge of using Statistical Parametric Mapping in a swimming context. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify relevant articles. After screening, nine articles related to Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis in swimming were retained for synthesis. Results showed that four articles (44.4%) aimed to understand the kinematics, isokinetic joint torque or electromyographic (EMG) pattern of the swimmer’s shoulder either on land or during front crawl trials. Two articles (22.2%) focused on understanding the swimming velocity while performing the breaststroke stroke. One article (11.1%) analyzed the swimmers’ propulsion at front-crawl stroke, another one (11.1%) compared swimming velocity during a complete stroke cycle in young swimmers of both sexes as a discrete variable and as a continuous variable. Also, one article (11.1%) analyzed the underwater undulatory velocity. In an EMG context, some findings verified in SPM are not possible to be discovered with traditional 0-D statistical methods. Studies about swimming velocity (breaststroke, freestyle, and underwater undulatory velocity) and propulsion (front-crawl) also highlighted the SPM advantages in comparison to traditional statistical methods. By using SPM, researchers were able to verify specifically where within the stroke cycle significant differences were found. Therefore, coaches can get more detailed information to design specific training drills to overcome hypothetical handicaps.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1213151/fullswimmingtrainingexercisecontinuous analysissensitive outputs |
| spellingShingle | Jorge E. Morais Jorge E. Morais Tiago M. Barbosa Tiago M. Barbosa Tomohiro Gonjo Daniel A. Marinho Daniel A. Marinho Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review Frontiers in Physiology swimming training exercise continuous analysis sensitive outputs |
| title | Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review |
| title_full | Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review |
| title_short | Using Statistical Parametric Mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming: a systematic review |
| title_sort | using statistical parametric mapping as a statistical method for more detailed insights in swimming a systematic review |
| topic | swimming training exercise continuous analysis sensitive outputs |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1213151/full |
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