Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron
Biodegradable pure iron has gained significant interest as a biomedical material. For biodegradable implant applications, the biodegradation behavior of pure iron is important. In this work, the influence of ferrite grain size on the biodegradation rate for pure iron was studied by means of heat tre...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/8030 |
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| author | Yu Zhang Ke Zhang Weidong Liu Zhongren Zheng Mingchun Zhao |
| author_facet | Yu Zhang Ke Zhang Weidong Liu Zhongren Zheng Mingchun Zhao |
| author_sort | Yu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodegradable pure iron has gained significant interest as a biomedical material. For biodegradable implant applications, the biodegradation behavior of pure iron is important. In this work, the influence of ferrite grain size on the biodegradation rate for pure iron was studied by means of heat treatment that was annealed below the austenized temperature using as-forged pure iron. Grains were coarsened and a spectrum of ferrite grain sizes was gained by changing the annealed temperature. Biodegradation behavior was studied through weight loss tests, electrochemical measurements and microscopic analyses. Hardness (HV) and biodegradation rate (<i>P<sub>i</sub></i> or <i>P<sub>w</sub></i>) were linearly ferrite grain size-dependent: <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>HV</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>58.9</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>383.2</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.023</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>0.425</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>w</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.056</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>0.631</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The mechanism by which the role of grain size on biodegradation rate was attributed to the ferrite grain boundary traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:11:34Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:11:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3058720fd48a4e89bc154afc339524602023-11-24T09:03:04ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-11-011522803010.3390/ma15228030Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure IronYu Zhang0Ke Zhang1Weidong Liu2Zhongren Zheng3Mingchun Zhao4Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, ChinaXiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, ChinaXiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaBiodegradable pure iron has gained significant interest as a biomedical material. For biodegradable implant applications, the biodegradation behavior of pure iron is important. In this work, the influence of ferrite grain size on the biodegradation rate for pure iron was studied by means of heat treatment that was annealed below the austenized temperature using as-forged pure iron. Grains were coarsened and a spectrum of ferrite grain sizes was gained by changing the annealed temperature. Biodegradation behavior was studied through weight loss tests, electrochemical measurements and microscopic analyses. Hardness (HV) and biodegradation rate (<i>P<sub>i</sub></i> or <i>P<sub>w</sub></i>) were linearly ferrite grain size-dependent: <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>HV</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>58.9</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>383.2</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.023</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>0.425</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>w</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.056</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>0.631</mn><msup><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The mechanism by which the role of grain size on biodegradation rate was attributed to the ferrite grain boundary traits.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/8030pure ironannealinggrain refinementbiodegradationimplant material |
| spellingShingle | Yu Zhang Ke Zhang Weidong Liu Zhongren Zheng Mingchun Zhao Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron Materials pure iron annealing grain refinement biodegradation implant material |
| title | Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron |
| title_full | Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron |
| title_fullStr | Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron |
| title_short | Grain Growth upon Annealing and Its Influence on Biodegradation Rate for Pure Iron |
| title_sort | grain growth upon annealing and its influence on biodegradation rate for pure iron |
| topic | pure iron annealing grain refinement biodegradation implant material |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/8030 |
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