The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches
Binary switches, which are the primitive units of all digital computing and information processing hardware, are usually benchmarked on the basis of their ‘energy–delay product’, which is the product of the energy dissipated in completing the switching action and the time it takes to complete that a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/12/5590 |
| _version_ | 1797529821828349952 |
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| author | Rahnuma Rahman Supriyo Bandyopadhyay |
| author_facet | Rahnuma Rahman Supriyo Bandyopadhyay |
| author_sort | Rahnuma Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Binary switches, which are the primitive units of all digital computing and information processing hardware, are usually benchmarked on the basis of their ‘energy–delay product’, which is the product of the energy dissipated in completing the switching action and the time it takes to complete that action. The lower the energy–delay product, the better the switch (supposedly). This approach ignores the fact that lower energy dissipation and faster switching usually come at the cost of poorer reliability (i.e., a higher switching error rate) and hence the energy–delay product alone cannot be a good metric for benchmarking switches. Here, we show the trade-off between energy dissipation, energy–delay product and error–probability for an electronic switch (a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), a magnetic switch (a magnetic tunnel junction switched with spin transfer torque) and an optical switch (bistable non-linear mirror). As expected, reducing energy dissipation and/or energy–delay product generally results in increased switching error probability and reduced reliability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:20:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-305ef3c6e3d94e70871d7c9f89c03ac1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:20:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-305ef3c6e3d94e70871d7c9f89c03ac12023-11-22T00:28:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-06-011112559010.3390/app11125590The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary SwitchesRahnuma Rahman0Supriyo Bandyopadhyay1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USABinary switches, which are the primitive units of all digital computing and information processing hardware, are usually benchmarked on the basis of their ‘energy–delay product’, which is the product of the energy dissipated in completing the switching action and the time it takes to complete that action. The lower the energy–delay product, the better the switch (supposedly). This approach ignores the fact that lower energy dissipation and faster switching usually come at the cost of poorer reliability (i.e., a higher switching error rate) and hence the energy–delay product alone cannot be a good metric for benchmarking switches. Here, we show the trade-off between energy dissipation, energy–delay product and error–probability for an electronic switch (a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), a magnetic switch (a magnetic tunnel junction switched with spin transfer torque) and an optical switch (bistable non-linear mirror). As expected, reducing energy dissipation and/or energy–delay product generally results in increased switching error probability and reduced reliability.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/12/5590binary switchesbenchmarkingenergy–delay productreliability |
| spellingShingle | Rahnuma Rahman Supriyo Bandyopadhyay The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches Applied Sciences binary switches benchmarking energy–delay product reliability |
| title | The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches |
| title_full | The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches |
| title_fullStr | The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches |
| title_short | The Cost of Energy-Efficiency in Digital Hardware: The Trade-Off between Energy Dissipation, Energy–Delay Product and Reliability in Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Binary Switches |
| title_sort | cost of energy efficiency in digital hardware the trade off between energy dissipation energy delay product and reliability in electronic magnetic and optical binary switches |
| topic | binary switches benchmarking energy–delay product reliability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/12/5590 |
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