Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements
Abstract A priori, cosmic‐ray measurements offer a unique capability to determine the vertical profile of atmospheric temperatures directly from ground. However, despite the increased understanding of the impact of the atmosphere on cosmic‐ray rates, attempts to explore the technological potential o...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Earth and Space Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001982 |
| _version_ | 1828858187970772992 |
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| author | Irma Riádigos Diego González‐Díaz Vicente Pérez‐Muñuzuri |
| author_facet | Irma Riádigos Diego González‐Díaz Vicente Pérez‐Muñuzuri |
| author_sort | Irma Riádigos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A priori, cosmic‐ray measurements offer a unique capability to determine the vertical profile of atmospheric temperatures directly from ground. However, despite the increased understanding of the impact of the atmosphere on cosmic‐ray rates, attempts to explore the technological potential of the latter for atmospheric physics remain very limited. In this paper, we examine the intrinsic limits of the process of cosmic‐ray data inversion for atmospheric temperature retrieval, by combining a detection station at ground with another one placed at an optimal depth, and making full use of the angular information. With that aim, the temperature‐induced variations in cosmic rays (c.r.) rates have been simulated resorting to the theoretical temperature coefficients WT(h, θ, Eth) and the temperature profiles obtained from the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. Muon absorption and Poisson statistics have been included to increase realism. The resulting c.r. sample has been used as input for the inverse problem and the obtained temperatures compared to the input temperature data. Relative to early simulation works, performed without using angular information and relying on underground temperature coefficients from a suboptimal depth, our analysis shows a strong improvement in temperature predictability for all atmospheric layers up to 50 hPa, nearing a factor 2 error reduction. Furthermore, the temperature predictability on 6‐h intervals stays well within the range 0.8–2.2 K. Most remarkably, we show that it can be achieved with small‐area m2‐scale muon hodoscopes, amenable nowadays to a large variety of technologies. For mid‐latitude locations, the optimal depth of the underground station is around 20 m. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T01:51:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-306e6bf91156401c9c3af0732a6c3115 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2333-5084 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T01:51:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth and Space Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-306e6bf91156401c9c3af0732a6c31152022-12-22T00:03:29ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Earth and Space Science2333-50842022-03-0193n/an/a10.1029/2021EA001982Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray MeasurementsIrma Riádigos0Diego González‐Díaz1Vicente Pérez‐Muñuzuri2CRETUS Institute, Group of Nonlinear Physics Faculty of Physics University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela SpainInstituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE) Faculty of Physics University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela SpainCRETUS Institute, Group of Nonlinear Physics Faculty of Physics University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela SpainAbstract A priori, cosmic‐ray measurements offer a unique capability to determine the vertical profile of atmospheric temperatures directly from ground. However, despite the increased understanding of the impact of the atmosphere on cosmic‐ray rates, attempts to explore the technological potential of the latter for atmospheric physics remain very limited. In this paper, we examine the intrinsic limits of the process of cosmic‐ray data inversion for atmospheric temperature retrieval, by combining a detection station at ground with another one placed at an optimal depth, and making full use of the angular information. With that aim, the temperature‐induced variations in cosmic rays (c.r.) rates have been simulated resorting to the theoretical temperature coefficients WT(h, θ, Eth) and the temperature profiles obtained from the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. Muon absorption and Poisson statistics have been included to increase realism. The resulting c.r. sample has been used as input for the inverse problem and the obtained temperatures compared to the input temperature data. Relative to early simulation works, performed without using angular information and relying on underground temperature coefficients from a suboptimal depth, our analysis shows a strong improvement in temperature predictability for all atmospheric layers up to 50 hPa, nearing a factor 2 error reduction. Furthermore, the temperature predictability on 6‐h intervals stays well within the range 0.8–2.2 K. Most remarkably, we show that it can be achieved with small‐area m2‐scale muon hodoscopes, amenable nowadays to a large variety of technologies. For mid‐latitude locations, the optimal depth of the underground station is around 20 m.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001982cosmic raysatmospheric temperature retrievaltemperature effecttemperature coefficientscosmic ray detectorsinversion problem |
| spellingShingle | Irma Riádigos Diego González‐Díaz Vicente Pérez‐Muñuzuri Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements Earth and Space Science cosmic rays atmospheric temperature retrieval temperature effect temperature coefficients cosmic ray detectors inversion problem |
| title | Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements |
| title_full | Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements |
| title_short | Revisiting the Limits of Atmospheric Temperature Retrieval From Cosmic‐Ray Measurements |
| title_sort | revisiting the limits of atmospheric temperature retrieval from cosmic ray measurements |
| topic | cosmic rays atmospheric temperature retrieval temperature effect temperature coefficients cosmic ray detectors inversion problem |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001982 |
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