Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review
IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and effective; however, they are associated with various vaccine-induced cutaneous side effects. Several reported cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) following the COVID-19 vaccination have raised concerns about a possible association. This sys...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1325478/full |
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| author | Berenika Olszewska Anna Zaryczańska Roman J. Nowicki Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło |
| author_facet | Berenika Olszewska Anna Zaryczańska Roman J. Nowicki Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło |
| author_sort | Berenika Olszewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and effective; however, they are associated with various vaccine-induced cutaneous side effects. Several reported cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) following the COVID-19 vaccination have raised concerns about a possible association. This systematic review aims to investigate and elucidate the potential link between CLs and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, EBSCO and Scopus from January 01, 2019, to March 01, 2023, and analyzed studies based on determined eligibility criteria. The systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA protocol.ResultsA total of 12 articles (encompassing 24 patients) were included in this analysis. The majority of CLs were indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) (66,7%; 16/24), with Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) being the most common type (33,3%; 8/24). Most patients (79,2%; 19/24) developed lesions after receiving the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, and predominantly after the first immunization dose (54,2%; 13/24). The presented CLs cases exhibited a tendency to exacerbate following subsequent COVID-19 vaccinations. Nevertheless, CLs were characterized by a favorable course, leading to remission in most cases.ConclusionThe available literature suggests an association between the occurrence and exacerbation of CLs with immune stimulation following COVID-19 vaccination. We hypothesize that post-vaccine CLs result from an interplay between cytokines and disrupted signaling pathways triggered by vaccine components, concurrently playing a pivotal role in the pathomechanism of CLs. However, establishing a definitive causal relationship between these events is currently challenging, primarily due to the relatively low rate of reported post-vaccine CLs. Nonetheless, these cases should not be disregarded, and patients with a history of lymphoproliferative disorders require post-COVID-19 vaccination monitoring to control the disease’s course.Systematic review registrationwww.researchregistry.com, identifier [1723]. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:28:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-307e498b6e904c7d9281c49dcefa5f01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:28:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-307e498b6e904c7d9281c49dcefa5f012024-04-10T12:04:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2024-04-011110.3389/fmed.2024.13254781325478Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic reviewBerenika OlszewskaAnna ZaryczańskaRoman J. NowickiMałgorzata Sokołowska-WojdyłoIntroductionCOVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and effective; however, they are associated with various vaccine-induced cutaneous side effects. Several reported cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) following the COVID-19 vaccination have raised concerns about a possible association. This systematic review aims to investigate and elucidate the potential link between CLs and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, EBSCO and Scopus from January 01, 2019, to March 01, 2023, and analyzed studies based on determined eligibility criteria. The systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA protocol.ResultsA total of 12 articles (encompassing 24 patients) were included in this analysis. The majority of CLs were indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) (66,7%; 16/24), with Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) being the most common type (33,3%; 8/24). Most patients (79,2%; 19/24) developed lesions after receiving the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, and predominantly after the first immunization dose (54,2%; 13/24). The presented CLs cases exhibited a tendency to exacerbate following subsequent COVID-19 vaccinations. Nevertheless, CLs were characterized by a favorable course, leading to remission in most cases.ConclusionThe available literature suggests an association between the occurrence and exacerbation of CLs with immune stimulation following COVID-19 vaccination. We hypothesize that post-vaccine CLs result from an interplay between cytokines and disrupted signaling pathways triggered by vaccine components, concurrently playing a pivotal role in the pathomechanism of CLs. However, establishing a definitive causal relationship between these events is currently challenging, primarily due to the relatively low rate of reported post-vaccine CLs. Nonetheless, these cases should not be disregarded, and patients with a history of lymphoproliferative disorders require post-COVID-19 vaccination monitoring to control the disease’s course.Systematic review registrationwww.researchregistry.com, identifier [1723].https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1325478/fullSARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccineCOVID-19cutaneous lymphomasside effectsSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Berenika Olszewska Anna Zaryczańska Roman J. Nowicki Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review Frontiers in Medicine SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine COVID-19 cutaneous lymphomas side effects SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review |
| title_full | Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review |
| title_short | Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review |
| title_sort | rare covid 19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle primary cutaneous lymphomas following covid 19 vaccination a systematic review |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine COVID-19 cutaneous lymphomas side effects SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1325478/full |
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