Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect
Recent years have seen remarkable development in open quantum systems effectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. A unique feature of non-Hermitian topological systems is the skin effect, anomalous localization of an extensive number of eigenstates driven by nonreciprocal dissipation. Despi...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Physical Society
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Physical Review X |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.13.021007 |
| _version_ | 1827968287973048320 |
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| author | Kohei Kawabata Tokiro Numasawa Shinsei Ryu |
| author_facet | Kohei Kawabata Tokiro Numasawa Shinsei Ryu |
| author_sort | Kohei Kawabata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent years have seen remarkable development in open quantum systems effectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. A unique feature of non-Hermitian topological systems is the skin effect, anomalous localization of an extensive number of eigenstates driven by nonreciprocal dissipation. Despite its significance for non-Hermitian topological phases, the relevance of the skin effect to quantum entanglement and critical phenomena has remained unclear. Here, we find that the skin effect induces a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition in the entanglement dynamics. We show that the skin effect gives rise to a macroscopic flow of particles and suppresses the entanglement propagation and thermalization, leading to the area law of the entanglement entropy in the nonequilibrium steady state. Moreover, we reveal an entanglement phase transition induced by the competition between the unitary dynamics and the skin effect even without disorder or interactions. This entanglement phase transition accompanies nonequilibrium quantum criticality characterized by a nonunitary conformal field theory whose effective central charge is extremely sensitive to the boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that it originates from an exceptional point of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and the concomitant scale invariance of the skin modes localized according to the power law. Furthermore, we show that the skin effect leads to the purification and the reduction of von Neumann entropy even in Markovian open quantum systems described by the Lindblad master equation. Our work opens a way to control the entanglement growth and establishes a fundamental understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena in open quantum systems far from thermal equilibrium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:18:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30819819421945bcbcf77989ccd2226c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2160-3308 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:18:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Review X |
| spelling | doaj.art-30819819421945bcbcf77989ccd2226c2023-04-12T14:18:50ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review X2160-33082023-04-0113202100710.1103/PhysRevX.13.021007Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin EffectKohei KawabataTokiro NumasawaShinsei RyuRecent years have seen remarkable development in open quantum systems effectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. A unique feature of non-Hermitian topological systems is the skin effect, anomalous localization of an extensive number of eigenstates driven by nonreciprocal dissipation. Despite its significance for non-Hermitian topological phases, the relevance of the skin effect to quantum entanglement and critical phenomena has remained unclear. Here, we find that the skin effect induces a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition in the entanglement dynamics. We show that the skin effect gives rise to a macroscopic flow of particles and suppresses the entanglement propagation and thermalization, leading to the area law of the entanglement entropy in the nonequilibrium steady state. Moreover, we reveal an entanglement phase transition induced by the competition between the unitary dynamics and the skin effect even without disorder or interactions. This entanglement phase transition accompanies nonequilibrium quantum criticality characterized by a nonunitary conformal field theory whose effective central charge is extremely sensitive to the boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that it originates from an exceptional point of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and the concomitant scale invariance of the skin modes localized according to the power law. Furthermore, we show that the skin effect leads to the purification and the reduction of von Neumann entropy even in Markovian open quantum systems described by the Lindblad master equation. Our work opens a way to control the entanglement growth and establishes a fundamental understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena in open quantum systems far from thermal equilibrium.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.13.021007 |
| spellingShingle | Kohei Kawabata Tokiro Numasawa Shinsei Ryu Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect Physical Review X |
| title | Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect |
| title_full | Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect |
| title_fullStr | Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect |
| title_short | Entanglement Phase Transition Induced by the Non-Hermitian Skin Effect |
| title_sort | entanglement phase transition induced by the non hermitian skin effect |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.13.021007 |
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