Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system
The classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) consists of enzymes and peptides that regulate blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the most important and extensively studied components of the RAS. The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzym...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000900013 |
| _version_ | 1819157651904266240 |
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| author | C. Becari E.B. Oliveira M.C.O. Salgado |
| author_facet | C. Becari E.B. Oliveira M.C.O. Salgado |
| author_sort | C. Becari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) consists of enzymes and peptides that regulate blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the most important and extensively studied components of the RAS. The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, among other diseases, are well known. However, it has been reported that patients chronically treated with effective doses of these inhibitors do not show suppression of Ang II formation, suggesting the involvement of pathways alternative to ACE in the generation of Ang II. Moreover, the finding that the concentration of Ang II is preserved in the kidney, heart and lungs of mice with an ACE deletion indicates the important role of alternative pathways under basal conditions to maintain the levels of Ang II. Our group has characterized the serine protease elastase-2 as an alternative pathway for Ang II generation from Ang I in rats. A role for elastase-2 in the cardiovascular system was suggested by studies performed in heart and conductance and resistance vessels of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. This mini-review will highlight the pharmacological aspects of the RAS, emphasizing the role of elastase-2, an alternative pathway for Ang II generation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:12:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30819b9648b54a4881be3a891abdbda6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0100-879X 1414-431X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T16:12:10Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-30819b9648b54a4881be3a891abdbda62022-12-21T18:20:27ZengAssociação Brasileira de Divulgação CientíficaBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research0100-879X1414-431X2011-09-01449914919Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular systemC. BecariE.B. OliveiraM.C.O. SalgadoThe classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) consists of enzymes and peptides that regulate blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the most important and extensively studied components of the RAS. The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, among other diseases, are well known. However, it has been reported that patients chronically treated with effective doses of these inhibitors do not show suppression of Ang II formation, suggesting the involvement of pathways alternative to ACE in the generation of Ang II. Moreover, the finding that the concentration of Ang II is preserved in the kidney, heart and lungs of mice with an ACE deletion indicates the important role of alternative pathways under basal conditions to maintain the levels of Ang II. Our group has characterized the serine protease elastase-2 as an alternative pathway for Ang II generation from Ang I in rats. A role for elastase-2 in the cardiovascular system was suggested by studies performed in heart and conductance and resistance vessels of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. This mini-review will highlight the pharmacological aspects of the RAS, emphasizing the role of elastase-2, an alternative pathway for Ang II generation.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000900013Renin-angiotensin systemAngiotensin IIRat elastase-2Alternative pathwayAngiotensin-converting enzyme |
| spellingShingle | C. Becari E.B. Oliveira M.C.O. Salgado Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Renin-angiotensin system Angiotensin II Rat elastase-2 Alternative pathway Angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| title | Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system |
| title_full | Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system |
| title_fullStr | Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system |
| title_short | Alternative pathways for angiotensin II generation in the cardiovascular system |
| title_sort | alternative pathways for angiotensin ii generation in the cardiovascular system |
| topic | Renin-angiotensin system Angiotensin II Rat elastase-2 Alternative pathway Angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2011000900013 |
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