Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a beneficial tool for comprehensive health information on communities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing countries, including Thailand, the application of WBE is limited. Few SARS-CoV-2 detections and variants have been monitored in wastewa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3798 |
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| author | Vichapon Tiacharoen Thammanitchpol Denpetkul Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat Pannamas Maneekan Narin Thippornchai Anon Saeoueng Akanitt Jittmittraphap Jetsumon Sattabongkot Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong |
| author_facet | Vichapon Tiacharoen Thammanitchpol Denpetkul Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat Pannamas Maneekan Narin Thippornchai Anon Saeoueng Akanitt Jittmittraphap Jetsumon Sattabongkot Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong |
| author_sort | Vichapon Tiacharoen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a beneficial tool for comprehensive health information on communities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing countries, including Thailand, the application of WBE is limited. Few SARS-CoV-2 detections and variants have been monitored in wastewater in these countries. This is because of the time-consuming, low recovery of viruses in the concentration techniques and difficulties in finding the proper primers and amplification kits. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration using a commercial clinical kit. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 variants and estimated the detection costs in the wastewater samples. One hundred and fifty hospital wastewater samples were filtered with commercial ultrafiltration (UF) and then detected for the SARS-CoV-2 concentration using a Sansure Biotech SARS-CoV-2 kit. The recovery of the virus concentration technique in UF was studied using a surrogate (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus). The virus detection in wastewater was quantified by RT-qPCR. In addition, the mutation sites in the partial spike glycoprotein (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 were verified using short nested RT-PCR. The results showed a high recovery of the commercial UF (80.53%), and 24.6% of hospital wastewater contained SARS-CoV-2. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater cost USD 35.43 per sample. The virus variants revealed V70del, H69del, and V144del mutations in the partial S gene of SARS-CoV-2 in B.1.1.7 (SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant), and T95I and G142D mutations in B.1.617.2 (Delta variant). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:27:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30867e9b8c6e443bafc78aefd24f2d4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:27:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-30867e9b8c6e443bafc78aefd24f2d4c2023-11-24T12:31:19ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-11-011423379810.3390/w14233798Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing CountryVichapon Tiacharoen0Thammanitchpol Denpetkul1Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat2Pannamas Maneekan3Narin Thippornchai4Anon Saeoueng5Akanitt Jittmittraphap6Jetsumon Sattabongkot7Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a beneficial tool for comprehensive health information on communities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In developing countries, including Thailand, the application of WBE is limited. Few SARS-CoV-2 detections and variants have been monitored in wastewater in these countries. This is because of the time-consuming, low recovery of viruses in the concentration techniques and difficulties in finding the proper primers and amplification kits. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration using a commercial clinical kit. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 variants and estimated the detection costs in the wastewater samples. One hundred and fifty hospital wastewater samples were filtered with commercial ultrafiltration (UF) and then detected for the SARS-CoV-2 concentration using a Sansure Biotech SARS-CoV-2 kit. The recovery of the virus concentration technique in UF was studied using a surrogate (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus). The virus detection in wastewater was quantified by RT-qPCR. In addition, the mutation sites in the partial spike glycoprotein (S) gene of SARS-CoV-2 were verified using short nested RT-PCR. The results showed a high recovery of the commercial UF (80.53%), and 24.6% of hospital wastewater contained SARS-CoV-2. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater cost USD 35.43 per sample. The virus variants revealed V70del, H69del, and V144del mutations in the partial S gene of SARS-CoV-2 in B.1.1.7 (SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant), and T95I and G142D mutations in B.1.617.2 (Delta variant).https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3798SARS-CoV-2Bangkokwastewater-based epidemiologyhospital wastewaterwastewater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Vichapon Tiacharoen Thammanitchpol Denpetkul Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat Pannamas Maneekan Narin Thippornchai Anon Saeoueng Akanitt Jittmittraphap Jetsumon Sattabongkot Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country Water SARS-CoV-2 Bangkok wastewater-based epidemiology hospital wastewater wastewater treatment |
| title | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country |
| title_full | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country |
| title_fullStr | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country |
| title_short | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Variants in Hospital Wastewater in a Developing Country |
| title_sort | detection of sars cov 2 and variants in hospital wastewater in a developing country |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Bangkok wastewater-based epidemiology hospital wastewater wastewater treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3798 |
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