Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the f...

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Main Authors: Ketut Anom Wijaya, Adi Prawoto, Syrril Ihromi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute 2009-12-01
Series:Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal
Online Access:http://www.ccrjournal.com/index.php/ccrj/article/view/113
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author Ketut Anom Wijaya
Adi Prawoto
Syrril Ihromi
author_facet Ketut Anom Wijaya
Adi Prawoto
Syrril Ihromi
author_sort Ketut Anom Wijaya
collection DOAJ
description Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo. Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance
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spelling doaj.art-3087ce4b9ea24faebd50ad1bd95beae42022-12-22T01:06:08ZengIndonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research InstituteCoffee and Cocoa Research Journal0215-02122406-95742009-12-0125310.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v25i3.113102Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica ApplicationKetut Anom Wijaya0Adi Prawoto1 Syrril Ihromi2 Fakultas Pertanian Universitas JemberIndonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute Fakultas Pertanian Universitas JemberCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo. Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitancehttp://www.ccrjournal.com/index.php/ccrj/article/view/113
spellingShingle Ketut Anom Wijaya
Adi Prawoto
Syrril Ihromi
Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application
Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal
title Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application
title_full Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application
title_fullStr Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application
title_full_unstemmed Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application
title_short Induction of Cocoa Natural Resistancy to Cocoa Pod Borer by Silica Application
title_sort induction of cocoa natural resistancy to cocoa pod borer by silica application
url http://www.ccrjournal.com/index.php/ccrj/article/view/113
work_keys_str_mv AT ketutanomwijaya inductionofcocoanaturalresistancytococoapodborerbysilicaapplication
AT adiprawoto inductionofcocoanaturalresistancytococoapodborerbysilicaapplication
AT syrrilihromi inductionofcocoanaturalresistancytococoapodborerbysilicaapplication