The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux
The exchange of momentum across the air–sea boundary is an integral component of the earth system and its parametrization is essential for climate and weather models. This study focuses on the impact of gustiness on the momentum flux using three months of direct flux observations from a moored surfa...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/10/336 |
| _version_ | 1797514639521611776 |
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| author | Meng Lyu Henry Potter Clarence O. Collins |
| author_facet | Meng Lyu Henry Potter Clarence O. Collins |
| author_sort | Meng Lyu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exchange of momentum across the air–sea boundary is an integral component of the earth system and its parametrization is essential for climate and weather models. This study focuses on the impact of gustiness on the momentum flux using three months of direct flux observations from a moored surface buoy. Gustiness, which quantifies the fluctuations of wind speed and direction, is shown to impact air–sea momentum fluxes. First, we put forward a new gustiness formula that simultaneously evaluates the impact of fluctuations in wind direction and speed. A critical threshold is established using a cumulative density function to classify runs as either gusty or non-gusty. We find that, during runs classified as gusty, the aerodynamic drag coefficient is increased up to 57% when compared to their non-gusty counterparts. This is caused by a correlated increase in vertical fluctuations during gusty conditions and explains variability in the drag coefficient for wind speeds up to 20 m/s. This increase in energy is connected with horizontal fluctuations through turbulent interactions between peaks in the turbulent spectra coincident with peaks in the wave spectra. We discus two potential mechanistic explanations. The results of this study will help improve the representation of gustiness in momentum flux parameterizations leading to more accurate ocean models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:34:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-308916b648c24a0388829a1cd19e7aac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5521 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:34:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fluids |
| spelling | doaj.art-308916b648c24a0388829a1cd19e7aac2023-11-22T18:12:20ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212021-09-0161033610.3390/fluids6100336The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum FluxMeng Lyu0Henry Potter1Clarence O. Collins2Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USACoastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineering Research and Development Center, Duck, NC 27949, USAThe exchange of momentum across the air–sea boundary is an integral component of the earth system and its parametrization is essential for climate and weather models. This study focuses on the impact of gustiness on the momentum flux using three months of direct flux observations from a moored surface buoy. Gustiness, which quantifies the fluctuations of wind speed and direction, is shown to impact air–sea momentum fluxes. First, we put forward a new gustiness formula that simultaneously evaluates the impact of fluctuations in wind direction and speed. A critical threshold is established using a cumulative density function to classify runs as either gusty or non-gusty. We find that, during runs classified as gusty, the aerodynamic drag coefficient is increased up to 57% when compared to their non-gusty counterparts. This is caused by a correlated increase in vertical fluctuations during gusty conditions and explains variability in the drag coefficient for wind speeds up to 20 m/s. This increase in energy is connected with horizontal fluctuations through turbulent interactions between peaks in the turbulent spectra coincident with peaks in the wave spectra. We discus two potential mechanistic explanations. The results of this study will help improve the representation of gustiness in momentum flux parameterizations leading to more accurate ocean models.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/10/336gustinessmomentum fluxdrag coefficientair–sea interactionmarine boundary layer |
| spellingShingle | Meng Lyu Henry Potter Clarence O. Collins The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux Fluids gustiness momentum flux drag coefficient air–sea interaction marine boundary layer |
| title | The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux |
| title_full | The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux |
| title_fullStr | The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux |
| title_short | The Impacts of Gustiness on Air–Sea Momentum Flux |
| title_sort | impacts of gustiness on air sea momentum flux |
| topic | gustiness momentum flux drag coefficient air–sea interaction marine boundary layer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/10/336 |
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