Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors
Abstract Background Inadequate immunization coverage remains a public health problem in Africa. In Togo, only 62% of children under one year of age were fully immunized in 2013. This study aimed to estimate the immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months, and to identify factors associate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5881-z |
| _version_ | 1818986123878203392 |
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| author | Didier K. Ekouevi Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi Issifou Yaya Wendpouiré I. Zida-Compaore Amevegbé Boko Essèboe Sewu Anani Lacle Nicolas Ndibu Yaovi Toke Dadja E. Landoh |
| author_facet | Didier K. Ekouevi Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi Issifou Yaya Wendpouiré I. Zida-Compaore Amevegbé Boko Essèboe Sewu Anani Lacle Nicolas Ndibu Yaovi Toke Dadja E. Landoh |
| author_sort | Didier K. Ekouevi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Inadequate immunization coverage remains a public health problem in Africa. In Togo, only 62% of children under one year of age were fully immunized in 2013. This study aimed to estimate the immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months, and to identify factors associated with incomplete immunization status in Togo. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the six health regions of Togo. Children aged 12 to 23 months who were living with one of their parents or guardians from selected households were recruited for the study. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with incomplete immunization coverage. Results A total of 1261 households were included. Respondents were predominantly women (91.9%) and 22.8% had secondary or higher education level. Immunization cards were available for 85.3% of children. Complete immunization coverage was 72.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): [69.7–74.8]). After controlling for both individual and contextual level variables, children whose mothers attended secondary school or above were 33% (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 0.67, CI [0.47–0.94]) less likely to have an incomplete immunization coverage compared to those with no education. The likelihood of incomplete immunization in children decreased with the increase in household’s income (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.58–0.93]), children who did not have an immunization card (aOR = 13.41, 95% CI [9.19–19.57]) and those whose parents did not know that children immunization was free of charge (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.00–3.30]) were more likely to have an incomplete immunization. Finally, children whose parents had to walk half an hour to one hour to reach a healthcare center were 57% (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.15–2.13]) more likely to have an incomplete immunization coverage than those whose parents had to walk less than half an hour. Conclusion The goal of 90% coverage at the national level has not been achieved in 2017. Innovative strategies such as using electronic cards and strengthening sensitization activities must be initiated in order to attain a complete immunization coverage in Togo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:45:48Z |
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| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:45:48Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-308b5b07171c45deb3f8737226e173022022-12-21T19:29:43ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582018-08-0118111010.1186/s12889-018-5881-zIncomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factorsDidier K. Ekouevi0Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi1Issifou Yaya2Wendpouiré I. Zida-Compaore3Amevegbé Boko4Essèboe Sewu5Anani Lacle6Nicolas Ndibu7Yaovi Toke8Dadja E. Landoh9Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Faculté des Sciences de la SantéDépartement de Santé Publique, Université de Lomé, Faculté des Sciences de la SantéSciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale (SESSTIM), Aix Marseille UniversitéCentre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP)Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection SocialeCentre Africain de Recherche en Epidémiologie et en Santé Publique (CARESP)Programme Elargi de Vaccination, Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection SocialeUNICEF, country office of TogoUNICEF, country office of TogoWorld Health Organization, country office of TogoAbstract Background Inadequate immunization coverage remains a public health problem in Africa. In Togo, only 62% of children under one year of age were fully immunized in 2013. This study aimed to estimate the immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months, and to identify factors associated with incomplete immunization status in Togo. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the six health regions of Togo. Children aged 12 to 23 months who were living with one of their parents or guardians from selected households were recruited for the study. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with incomplete immunization coverage. Results A total of 1261 households were included. Respondents were predominantly women (91.9%) and 22.8% had secondary or higher education level. Immunization cards were available for 85.3% of children. Complete immunization coverage was 72.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): [69.7–74.8]). After controlling for both individual and contextual level variables, children whose mothers attended secondary school or above were 33% (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 0.67, CI [0.47–0.94]) less likely to have an incomplete immunization coverage compared to those with no education. The likelihood of incomplete immunization in children decreased with the increase in household’s income (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.58–0.93]), children who did not have an immunization card (aOR = 13.41, 95% CI [9.19–19.57]) and those whose parents did not know that children immunization was free of charge (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI [1.00–3.30]) were more likely to have an incomplete immunization. Finally, children whose parents had to walk half an hour to one hour to reach a healthcare center were 57% (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.15–2.13]) more likely to have an incomplete immunization coverage than those whose parents had to walk less than half an hour. Conclusion The goal of 90% coverage at the national level has not been achieved in 2017. Innovative strategies such as using electronic cards and strengthening sensitization activities must be initiated in order to attain a complete immunization coverage in Togo.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5881-zIncomplete immunization coverageChildrenObstaclesAssociated factorsTogo |
| spellingShingle | Didier K. Ekouevi Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi Issifou Yaya Wendpouiré I. Zida-Compaore Amevegbé Boko Essèboe Sewu Anani Lacle Nicolas Ndibu Yaovi Toke Dadja E. Landoh Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors BMC Public Health Incomplete immunization coverage Children Obstacles Associated factors Togo |
| title | Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors |
| title_full | Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors |
| title_fullStr | Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors |
| title_short | Incomplete immunization among children aged 12–23 months in Togo: a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors |
| title_sort | incomplete immunization among children aged 12 23 months in togo a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual factors |
| topic | Incomplete immunization coverage Children Obstacles Associated factors Togo |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5881-z |
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