Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection
Given that infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) is the leading cause of death amongst individuals living with HIV, understanding the complex mechanisms by which <i>Mtb</i> exacerbates HIV infection may lead to improved treatment options or...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11/3575 |
| _version_ | 1797548664346902528 |
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| author | Kevin Wong James Nguyen Lillie Blair Marina Banjanin Bunraj Grewal Shane Bowman Hailey Boyd Grant Gerstner Hyun Jun Cho David Panfilov Cho Ki Tam Delaney Aguilar Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_facet | Kevin Wong James Nguyen Lillie Blair Marina Banjanin Bunraj Grewal Shane Bowman Hailey Boyd Grant Gerstner Hyun Jun Cho David Panfilov Cho Ki Tam Delaney Aguilar Vishwanath Venketaraman |
| author_sort | Kevin Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given that infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) is the leading cause of death amongst individuals living with HIV, understanding the complex mechanisms by which <i>Mtb</i> exacerbates HIV infection may lead to improved treatment options or adjuvant therapies. While it is well-understood how HIV compromises the immune system and leaves the host vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as <i>Mtb</i>, less is known about the interplay of disease once active <i>Mtb</i> is established. This review explores how glutathione (GSH) depletion, T cell exhaustion, granuloma formation, and TNF-α upregulation, as a result of <i>Mtb</i> infection, leads to an increase in HIV disease severity. This review also examines the difficulties of treating coinfected patients and suggests further research on the clinical use of GSH supplementation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-308b5bb453b541a6bc53891b9b9a8894 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-308b5bb453b541a6bc53891b9b9a88942023-11-20T19:59:33ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-11-01911357510.3390/jcm9113575Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-InfectionKevin Wong0James Nguyen1Lillie Blair2Marina Banjanin3Bunraj Grewal4Shane Bowman5Hailey Boyd6Grant Gerstner7Hyun Jun Cho8David Panfilov9Cho Ki Tam10Delaney Aguilar11Vishwanath Venketaraman12College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-NorthWest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USAGiven that infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) is the leading cause of death amongst individuals living with HIV, understanding the complex mechanisms by which <i>Mtb</i> exacerbates HIV infection may lead to improved treatment options or adjuvant therapies. While it is well-understood how HIV compromises the immune system and leaves the host vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as <i>Mtb</i>, less is known about the interplay of disease once active <i>Mtb</i> is established. This review explores how glutathione (GSH) depletion, T cell exhaustion, granuloma formation, and TNF-α upregulation, as a result of <i>Mtb</i> infection, leads to an increase in HIV disease severity. This review also examines the difficulties of treating coinfected patients and suggests further research on the clinical use of GSH supplementation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11/3575HIVtuberculosisglutathioneT cell exhaustiongranuloma formationTNF-α |
| spellingShingle | Kevin Wong James Nguyen Lillie Blair Marina Banjanin Bunraj Grewal Shane Bowman Hailey Boyd Grant Gerstner Hyun Jun Cho David Panfilov Cho Ki Tam Delaney Aguilar Vishwanath Venketaraman Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection Journal of Clinical Medicine HIV tuberculosis glutathione T cell exhaustion granuloma formation TNF-α |
| title | Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection |
| title_full | Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection |
| title_fullStr | Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection |
| title_short | Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Co-Infection |
| title_sort | pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus i mycobacterium tuberculosis i co infection |
| topic | HIV tuberculosis glutathione T cell exhaustion granuloma formation TNF-α |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/11/3575 |
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