Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel.
Understanding the causes and consequences of population fluctuations is a central goal of ecology. We used demographic data from a long-term (1990-2008) study and matrix population models to investigate factors and processes influencing the dynamics and persistence of a golden-mantled ground squirre...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3313969?pdf=render |
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| author | Jeffrey A Hostetler Eva Kneip Dirk H Van Vuren Madan K Oli |
| author_facet | Jeffrey A Hostetler Eva Kneip Dirk H Van Vuren Madan K Oli |
| author_sort | Jeffrey A Hostetler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the causes and consequences of population fluctuations is a central goal of ecology. We used demographic data from a long-term (1990-2008) study and matrix population models to investigate factors and processes influencing the dynamics and persistence of a golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis) population, inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat in Colorado, USA. The overall deterministic population growth rate λ was 0.94±SE 0.05 but it varied widely over time, ranging from 0.45±0.09 in 2006 to 1.50±0.12 in 2003, and was below replacement (λ<1) for 9 out of 18 years. The stochastic population growth rate λ(s) was 0.92, suggesting a declining population; however, the 95% CI on λ(s) included 1.0 (0.52-1.60). Stochastic elasticity analysis showed that survival of adult females, followed by survival of juvenile females and litter size, were potentially the most influential vital rates; analysis of life table response experiments revealed that the same three life history variables made the largest contributions to year-to year changes in λ. Population viability analysis revealed that, when the influences of density dependence and immigration were not considered, the population had a high (close to 1.0 in 50 years) probability of extinction. However, probability of extinction declined to as low as zero when density dependence and immigration were considered. Destabilizing effects of stochastic forces were counteracted by regulating effects of density dependence and rescue effects of immigration, which allowed our study population to bounce back from low densities and prevented extinction. These results suggest that dynamics and persistence of our study population are determined synergistically by density-dependence, stochastic forces, and immigration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:06:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-309264fbaf1a461d9b4705be7f2b5b3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T08:06:13Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-309264fbaf1a461d9b4705be7f2b5b3e2022-12-22T01:56:39ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0173e3437910.1371/journal.pone.0034379Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel.Jeffrey A HostetlerEva KneipDirk H Van VurenMadan K OliUnderstanding the causes and consequences of population fluctuations is a central goal of ecology. We used demographic data from a long-term (1990-2008) study and matrix population models to investigate factors and processes influencing the dynamics and persistence of a golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis) population, inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat in Colorado, USA. The overall deterministic population growth rate λ was 0.94±SE 0.05 but it varied widely over time, ranging from 0.45±0.09 in 2006 to 1.50±0.12 in 2003, and was below replacement (λ<1) for 9 out of 18 years. The stochastic population growth rate λ(s) was 0.92, suggesting a declining population; however, the 95% CI on λ(s) included 1.0 (0.52-1.60). Stochastic elasticity analysis showed that survival of adult females, followed by survival of juvenile females and litter size, were potentially the most influential vital rates; analysis of life table response experiments revealed that the same three life history variables made the largest contributions to year-to year changes in λ. Population viability analysis revealed that, when the influences of density dependence and immigration were not considered, the population had a high (close to 1.0 in 50 years) probability of extinction. However, probability of extinction declined to as low as zero when density dependence and immigration were considered. Destabilizing effects of stochastic forces were counteracted by regulating effects of density dependence and rescue effects of immigration, which allowed our study population to bounce back from low densities and prevented extinction. These results suggest that dynamics and persistence of our study population are determined synergistically by density-dependence, stochastic forces, and immigration.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3313969?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Jeffrey A Hostetler Eva Kneip Dirk H Van Vuren Madan K Oli Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel. PLoS ONE |
| title | Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel. |
| title_full | Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel. |
| title_fullStr | Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel. |
| title_short | Stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground-dwelling squirrel. |
| title_sort | stochastic population dynamics of a montane ground dwelling squirrel |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3313969?pdf=render |
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