Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L.
Despite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was designed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant growth and development in a series...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1473 |
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| author | Leonard Wijaya Mohammed Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Ahmed Alfarhan Damia Barcelo Mohamed A. El-Sheikh Yolanda Pico |
| author_facet | Leonard Wijaya Mohammed Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Ahmed Alfarhan Damia Barcelo Mohamed A. El-Sheikh Yolanda Pico |
| author_sort | Leonard Wijaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was designed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant growth and development in a series of toxicity experiments using cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>). Plant growth parameters (morphological and physicochemical) were investigated under a series of IBU concentrations (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 ppm IBU). IBU exposure reduced the shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, mineral (K and Mg), glutathione reductase, and soluble protein contents. Simultaneously, increases in Ca and Mn contents, sodium translocation from roots to shoots, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and IBU uptake were observed. The amount of bioaccumulated IBU varied between 7% and 8%. IBU was translocated from roots to shoots with a translocation factor of 3–16%. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for biomass and plant length were 1253 and 1955 ppm IBU, respectively, which is much higher than the reported levels of IBU in the environment. This study demonstrates that cowpea plants develop several morphological and physicochemical adaptations to cope under ibuprofen stress; environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU are unlikely to produce negative impacts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:08:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-309433a0a4ac4792829eb52243455214 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:08:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-309433a0a4ac4792829eb522434552142023-11-20T19:28:32ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-01911147310.3390/plants9111473Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L.Leonard Wijaya0Mohammed Alyemeni1Parvaiz Ahmad2Ahmed Alfarhan3Damia Barcelo4Mohamed A. El-Sheikh5Yolanda Pico6Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaEnvironmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, SpainDespite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was designed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant growth and development in a series of toxicity experiments using cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>). Plant growth parameters (morphological and physicochemical) were investigated under a series of IBU concentrations (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 ppm IBU). IBU exposure reduced the shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, mineral (K and Mg), glutathione reductase, and soluble protein contents. Simultaneously, increases in Ca and Mn contents, sodium translocation from roots to shoots, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and IBU uptake were observed. The amount of bioaccumulated IBU varied between 7% and 8%. IBU was translocated from roots to shoots with a translocation factor of 3–16%. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for biomass and plant length were 1253 and 1955 ppm IBU, respectively, which is much higher than the reported levels of IBU in the environment. This study demonstrates that cowpea plants develop several morphological and physicochemical adaptations to cope under ibuprofen stress; environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU are unlikely to produce negative impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1473ibuprofen<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>pharmaceutical pollutantseed germinationplant growthenzyme activities |
| spellingShingle | Leonard Wijaya Mohammed Alyemeni Parvaiz Ahmad Ahmed Alfarhan Damia Barcelo Mohamed A. El-Sheikh Yolanda Pico Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. Plants ibuprofen <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> pharmaceutical pollutant seed germination plant growth enzyme activities |
| title | Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. |
| title_full | Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. |
| title_short | Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. |
| title_sort | ecotoxicological effects of ibuprofen on plant growth of i vigna unguiculata i l |
| topic | ibuprofen <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> pharmaceutical pollutant seed germination plant growth enzyme activities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/11/1473 |
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