A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice
The Western diet (WD) predisposes to bodyweight gain and obesity and is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, and multisystem disease, even affecting the reproductive organs, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of multi-ingredi...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/611 |
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| author | Mats I. Nilsson Linda May Liza J. Roik Matthew R. Fuda Ashely Luo Bart P. Hettinga Adam L. Bujak Mark A. Tarnopolsky |
| author_facet | Mats I. Nilsson Linda May Liza J. Roik Matthew R. Fuda Ashely Luo Bart P. Hettinga Adam L. Bujak Mark A. Tarnopolsky |
| author_sort | Mats I. Nilsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Western diet (WD) predisposes to bodyweight gain and obesity and is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, and multisystem disease, even affecting the reproductive organs, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of multi-ingredient supplementation (MIS) with antioxidants, phytonutrients, and vitamins (‘Fertility Enhancer’; FE) on white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and infertility in WD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Five-month-old male (M) and female (F) mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF) or a high fat/sucrose WD (HF) for six weeks, followed by six weeks of LF (3.64 kcal/g), HF (4.56 kcal/g), or HF combined with FE (4.50 kcal/g). A sub-set of animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks, while the remainder were harem-mated in a 1:2 male-to-female ratio, and singly housed during the gestational period. Two-way, factorial ANOVA analysis revealed a main effect of diet on bodyweight (BW), total body fat, % body fat, white adipose tissue mass, and liver lipid content (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), driven by the anti-obesogenic effects of the ‘Fertility Enhancer’. Similarly, a main effect of diet was found on PGC1-α mRNA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and mitochondrial protein content (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in perigonadal WAT, with PGC1-α induction and higher complex II and complex III expression in FE vs. HF animals. Copulatory plug counts were higher in FE vs. HE couples (30% vs. 6%), resulting in more litters (4 vs. 0) and higher copulatory success (67% vs. 0%). Although the trends of all histology outcomes were suggestive of a benefit from the FE diet, only the number of atretic follicles and testicular mass were significant. Ovarian IL-1β mRNA induction was significantly attenuated in the FE group (<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. HF) with CASP1 attenuation trending lower (<i>p</i> = 0.09 vs. HF), which is indicative of anti-inflammatory benefits of the ‘Fertility Enhancer.’ We conclude that supplementation with specific phytonutrients, antioxidants, and vitamins may have utility as an adjunctive therapy for weight management, fatty liver disease, and infertility in overweight and obese couples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:11Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:11Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-30a2aacde84a4dcdb427b5a4bdbb40aa2023-11-16T17:39:23ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-01-0115361110.3390/nu15030611A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed MiceMats I. Nilsson0Linda May1Liza J. Roik2Matthew R. Fuda3Ashely Luo4Bart P. Hettinga5Adam L. Bujak6Mark A. Tarnopolsky7Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaExerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaExerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaExerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Center (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaThe Western diet (WD) predisposes to bodyweight gain and obesity and is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, and multisystem disease, even affecting the reproductive organs, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of multi-ingredient supplementation (MIS) with antioxidants, phytonutrients, and vitamins (‘Fertility Enhancer’; FE) on white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and infertility in WD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Five-month-old male (M) and female (F) mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF) or a high fat/sucrose WD (HF) for six weeks, followed by six weeks of LF (3.64 kcal/g), HF (4.56 kcal/g), or HF combined with FE (4.50 kcal/g). A sub-set of animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks, while the remainder were harem-mated in a 1:2 male-to-female ratio, and singly housed during the gestational period. Two-way, factorial ANOVA analysis revealed a main effect of diet on bodyweight (BW), total body fat, % body fat, white adipose tissue mass, and liver lipid content (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), driven by the anti-obesogenic effects of the ‘Fertility Enhancer’. Similarly, a main effect of diet was found on PGC1-α mRNA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and mitochondrial protein content (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in perigonadal WAT, with PGC1-α induction and higher complex II and complex III expression in FE vs. HF animals. Copulatory plug counts were higher in FE vs. HE couples (30% vs. 6%), resulting in more litters (4 vs. 0) and higher copulatory success (67% vs. 0%). Although the trends of all histology outcomes were suggestive of a benefit from the FE diet, only the number of atretic follicles and testicular mass were significant. Ovarian IL-1β mRNA induction was significantly attenuated in the FE group (<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. HF) with CASP1 attenuation trending lower (<i>p</i> = 0.09 vs. HF), which is indicative of anti-inflammatory benefits of the ‘Fertility Enhancer.’ We conclude that supplementation with specific phytonutrients, antioxidants, and vitamins may have utility as an adjunctive therapy for weight management, fatty liver disease, and infertility in overweight and obese couples.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/611obesityinfertilitysubfertilityfatliverNAFLD |
| spellingShingle | Mats I. Nilsson Linda May Liza J. Roik Matthew R. Fuda Ashely Luo Bart P. Hettinga Adam L. Bujak Mark A. Tarnopolsky A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice Nutrients obesity infertility subfertility fat liver NAFLD |
| title | A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_full | A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_fullStr | A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_short | A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice |
| title_sort | multi ingredient supplement protects against obesity and infertility in western diet fed mice |
| topic | obesity infertility subfertility fat liver NAFLD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/611 |
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