Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children
While previous research on inhibition in people with Down syndrome (DS) reported contradictory results, with no explicit theoretical model, on the other hand, a more homogeneous impaired profile on the delay of gratification skills emerged. The main goal of the present study was to investigate respo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/5/636 |
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| author | Martina Fontana Maria Carmen Usai Sandra Pellizzoni Maria Chiara Passolunghi |
| author_facet | Martina Fontana Maria Carmen Usai Sandra Pellizzoni Maria Chiara Passolunghi |
| author_sort | Martina Fontana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While previous research on inhibition in people with Down syndrome (DS) reported contradictory results, with no explicit theoretical model, on the other hand, a more homogeneous impaired profile on the delay of gratification skills emerged. The main goal of the present study was to investigate response inhibition, interference suppression, and delay of gratification in 51 individuals with DS matched for a measure of mental age (MA) with 71 typically developing (TD) children. Moreover, we cross-sectionally explored the strengths and weaknesses of these components in children and adolescents vs. adults with DS with the same MA. A battery of laboratory tasks tapping on inhibitory sub-components and delay of gratification was administrated. Results indicated that individuals with DS showed an overall worse performance compared to TD children on response inhibition and delay of gratification, while no differences emerged between the two samples on the interference suppression. Additionally, our results suggested that older individuals with DS outperformed the younger ones both in response inhibition and in the delay of gratification, whereas the interference suppression still remains impaired in adulthood. This study highlights the importance of evaluating inhibitory sub-components considering both MA and chronological age in order to promote more effective and evidence-based training for this population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:23:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30a5b67bfb0643e584bd5d1a7f295d93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:23:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-30a5b67bfb0643e584bd5d1a7f295d932023-11-21T19:49:04ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-05-0111563610.3390/brainsci11050636Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing ChildrenMartina Fontana0Maria Carmen Usai1Sandra Pellizzoni2Maria Chiara Passolunghi3Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Education Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyWhile previous research on inhibition in people with Down syndrome (DS) reported contradictory results, with no explicit theoretical model, on the other hand, a more homogeneous impaired profile on the delay of gratification skills emerged. The main goal of the present study was to investigate response inhibition, interference suppression, and delay of gratification in 51 individuals with DS matched for a measure of mental age (MA) with 71 typically developing (TD) children. Moreover, we cross-sectionally explored the strengths and weaknesses of these components in children and adolescents vs. adults with DS with the same MA. A battery of laboratory tasks tapping on inhibitory sub-components and delay of gratification was administrated. Results indicated that individuals with DS showed an overall worse performance compared to TD children on response inhibition and delay of gratification, while no differences emerged between the two samples on the interference suppression. Additionally, our results suggested that older individuals with DS outperformed the younger ones both in response inhibition and in the delay of gratification, whereas the interference suppression still remains impaired in adulthood. This study highlights the importance of evaluating inhibitory sub-components considering both MA and chronological age in order to promote more effective and evidence-based training for this population.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/5/636Down syndromeresponse inhibitioninterference suppressiondelay of gratificationhot and cool executive functionschronological age |
| spellingShingle | Martina Fontana Maria Carmen Usai Sandra Pellizzoni Maria Chiara Passolunghi Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children Brain Sciences Down syndrome response inhibition interference suppression delay of gratification hot and cool executive functions chronological age |
| title | Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children |
| title_full | Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children |
| title_short | Inhibitory Dimensions and Delay of Gratification: A Comparative Study on Individuals with Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Children |
| title_sort | inhibitory dimensions and delay of gratification a comparative study on individuals with down syndrome and typically developing children |
| topic | Down syndrome response inhibition interference suppression delay of gratification hot and cool executive functions chronological age |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/5/636 |
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