Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery
Lignin is an abundant, renewable, and relatively cheap biobased feedstock that has potential in energy, chemicals, and materials. Kraft lignin, more specifically, has been used for more than 100 years as a self-sustaining energy feedstock for industry after which it has finally reached more widespre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/8/1795 |
| _version_ | 1797559008403390464 |
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| author | Juliana M. Jardim Peter W. Hart Lucian Lucia Hasan Jameel |
| author_facet | Juliana M. Jardim Peter W. Hart Lucian Lucia Hasan Jameel |
| author_sort | Juliana M. Jardim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lignin is an abundant, renewable, and relatively cheap biobased feedstock that has potential in energy, chemicals, and materials. Kraft lignin, more specifically, has been used for more than 100 years as a self-sustaining energy feedstock for industry after which it has finally reached more widespread commercial appeal. Unfortunately, hardwood kraft lignin (HWKL) has been neglected over these years when compared to softwood kraft lignin (SWKL). Therefore, the present work summarizes and critically reviews the research and development (R&D) dealing specifically with HWKL. It will also cover methods for HWKL extraction from black liquor, as well as its structure, properties, fractionation, and modification. Finally, it will reveal several interesting opportunities for HWKL that include dispersants, adsorbents, antioxidants, aromatic compounds (chemicals), and additives in briquettes, pellets, hydrogels, carbon fibers and polymer blends and composites. HWKL shows great potential for all these applications, however more R&D is needed to make its utilization economically feasible and reach the levels in the commercial lignin market commensurate with SWKL. The motivation for this critical review is to galvanize further studies, especially increased understandings in the field of HWKL, and hence amplify much greater utilization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:39:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30a94b8f936f4ac6806a155e25e335c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:39:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-30a94b8f936f4ac6806a155e25e335c02023-11-20T09:44:31ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-08-01128179510.3390/polym12081795Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the BiorefineryJuliana M. Jardim0Peter W. Hart1Lucian Lucia2Hasan Jameel3Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr. Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAWestRock, 501 South 5th Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USADepartment of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr. Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr. Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USALignin is an abundant, renewable, and relatively cheap biobased feedstock that has potential in energy, chemicals, and materials. Kraft lignin, more specifically, has been used for more than 100 years as a self-sustaining energy feedstock for industry after which it has finally reached more widespread commercial appeal. Unfortunately, hardwood kraft lignin (HWKL) has been neglected over these years when compared to softwood kraft lignin (SWKL). Therefore, the present work summarizes and critically reviews the research and development (R&D) dealing specifically with HWKL. It will also cover methods for HWKL extraction from black liquor, as well as its structure, properties, fractionation, and modification. Finally, it will reveal several interesting opportunities for HWKL that include dispersants, adsorbents, antioxidants, aromatic compounds (chemicals), and additives in briquettes, pellets, hydrogels, carbon fibers and polymer blends and composites. HWKL shows great potential for all these applications, however more R&D is needed to make its utilization economically feasible and reach the levels in the commercial lignin market commensurate with SWKL. The motivation for this critical review is to galvanize further studies, especially increased understandings in the field of HWKL, and hence amplify much greater utilization.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/8/1795hardwoodlignin extractionlignin modificationvalorizationchemicalsmaterials |
| spellingShingle | Juliana M. Jardim Peter W. Hart Lucian Lucia Hasan Jameel Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery Polymers hardwood lignin extraction lignin modification valorization chemicals materials |
| title | Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery |
| title_full | Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery |
| title_fullStr | Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery |
| title_short | Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery |
| title_sort | insights into the potential of hardwood kraft lignin to be a green platform material for emergence of the biorefinery |
| topic | hardwood lignin extraction lignin modification valorization chemicals materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/8/1795 |
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