Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma
Abstract Background Cystatins are a class of proteins that can inhibit cysteine protease and are widely distributed in human bodily fluids and secretions. Cystatin SN (CST1), a member of the CST superfamily, is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. However, its effect on the occurrence and de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-05-01
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| Series: | BMC Cancer |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09685-z |
| _version_ | 1811257311866388480 |
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| author | Jian Yang Gaomeng Luo Chang Li Zhunlin Zhao Sheng Ju Qifan Li Zhike Chen Cheng Ding Xin Tong Jun Zhao |
| author_facet | Jian Yang Gaomeng Luo Chang Li Zhunlin Zhao Sheng Ju Qifan Li Zhike Chen Cheng Ding Xin Tong Jun Zhao |
| author_sort | Jian Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cystatins are a class of proteins that can inhibit cysteine protease and are widely distributed in human bodily fluids and secretions. Cystatin SN (CST1), a member of the CST superfamily, is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. However, its effect on the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Methods We obtained transcriptome analysis data of CST1 from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE31210 databases. The association of CST1 expression with prognosis, gene mutations and tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using public databases. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of CST1. Results In this study, we found that CST1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and was associated with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. Genetic mutations of CST1 were shown to be related to disease-free survival (DFS) by using the c-BioPortal tool. Potential proteins binding to CST1 were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of CST1 revealed that CST1 was notably enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell experiments confirmed that overexpression of CST1 promoted lung adenocarcinoma cells migration and invasion, while knockdown of CST1 significantly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cells migration and invasion. Conclusions Our comprehensive bioinformatics analyses revealed that CST1 may be a novel prognostic biomarker in LUAD. Experiments confirmed that CST1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in LUAD cells. These findings will help to better understand the distinct role of CST1 in LUAD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:55:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30aa44ee5e044c52aee3f381fa805c69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:55:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-30aa44ee5e044c52aee3f381fa805c692022-12-22T03:22:22ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072022-05-0122111810.1186/s12885-022-09685-zCystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinomaJian Yang0Gaomeng Luo1Chang Li2Zhunlin Zhao3Sheng Ju4Qifan Li5Zhike Chen6Cheng Ding7Xin Tong8Jun Zhao9Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityAbstract Background Cystatins are a class of proteins that can inhibit cysteine protease and are widely distributed in human bodily fluids and secretions. Cystatin SN (CST1), a member of the CST superfamily, is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors. However, its effect on the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Methods We obtained transcriptome analysis data of CST1 from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE31210 databases. The association of CST1 expression with prognosis, gene mutations and tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed using public databases. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of CST1. Results In this study, we found that CST1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and was associated with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment. Genetic mutations of CST1 were shown to be related to disease-free survival (DFS) by using the c-BioPortal tool. Potential proteins binding to CST1 were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of CST1 revealed that CST1 was notably enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell experiments confirmed that overexpression of CST1 promoted lung adenocarcinoma cells migration and invasion, while knockdown of CST1 significantly inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cells migration and invasion. Conclusions Our comprehensive bioinformatics analyses revealed that CST1 may be a novel prognostic biomarker in LUAD. Experiments confirmed that CST1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in LUAD cells. These findings will help to better understand the distinct role of CST1 in LUAD.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09685-zLung adenocarcinomaEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME)Cystatin SN (CST1)Biomarker |
| spellingShingle | Jian Yang Gaomeng Luo Chang Li Zhunlin Zhao Sheng Ju Qifan Li Zhike Chen Cheng Ding Xin Tong Jun Zhao Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma BMC Cancer Lung adenocarcinoma Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) Cystatin SN (CST1) Biomarker |
| title | Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma |
| title_full | Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma |
| title_short | Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma |
| title_sort | cystatin sn promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma |
| topic | Lung adenocarcinoma Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) Cystatin SN (CST1) Biomarker |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09685-z |
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