Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya
Abstract Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is an economically important cash crop that provides a livelihood option for the rural communities in Sikkim Himalaya. However, its production has declined drastically over the past few decades due to climate change and other factors affecting the liv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47847-6 |
| _version_ | 1797397998497431552 |
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| author | Patrush Lepcha Kailash S. Gaira Aseesh Pandey Santosh Kumar Chettri Jarina Lepcha Jhony Lepcha Rajesh Joshi Nakul Chettri |
| author_facet | Patrush Lepcha Kailash S. Gaira Aseesh Pandey Santosh Kumar Chettri Jarina Lepcha Jhony Lepcha Rajesh Joshi Nakul Chettri |
| author_sort | Patrush Lepcha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is an economically important cash crop that provides a livelihood option for the rural communities in Sikkim Himalaya. However, its production has declined drastically over the past few decades due to climate change and other factors affecting the livelihood of marginal cardamom-dependent farmers in the region. Climate change causes a shift in elevational distributions of mountain species, and it is pivotal to understand its effect on yield and yield-related traits for economically important plant species like large cardamom. For this, we randomly studied 41 large cardamom cultivation sites in Sikkim (India) with elevations ranging between 975 and 2069 m asl and evaluated the yield-related traits (number of capsules per spike, capsule length, capsule width, fresh capsule weight, dry capsule weight, number of seeds per locule, fresh seed weight, and dry seed weight) in five cultivars (Dzongu Golsey, Sawney, Seremna, Ramsey, and Varlangey). We observed a significant variability (P < 0.05) for morphometric traits in each of the five cultivars cultivated in different elevations. The cultivation of low-elevation cultivars like Seremna and Dzongu Golsey (suitable in elevation < 975 m) has shifted upward to mid (975–1515 m) and high-elevation (> 1515 m), while cultivation of high-elevation Ramsey cultivar (suitable in elevation > 1515 m) has shifted downward (< 1515 m). The Dzongu Golsey, Sawney, and Seremna cultivated in mid-elevation (975–1515 m) performed better in terms of yield-related traits than the same cultivars cultivated in high-elevation (> 1515 m) and showed moderate to high negative correlation between elevation and yield-related traits, indicating the negative effect of elevation on their yield. Likewise, Ramsey and Varlangey cultivated in high elevation (> 1515 m) performed better than the one cultivated in mid-elevation (975–1515 m) and depicted moderate to high positive correlation between elevation and yield-related traits, suggesting a positive influence of elevation on their yield. Although there is an elevational shift in the cultivation of large cardamom cultivars, the elevation influences the performance of the large cardamom cultivars, and it also suggests cultivating the cultivars in their suitable elevation range for better productivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:19:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30acab7a536f4afaa8d7a0a9e580c86b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:19:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-30acab7a536f4afaa8d7a0a9e580c86b2023-12-10T12:15:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-12-0113111310.1038/s41598-023-47847-6Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim HimalayaPatrush Lepcha0Kailash S. Gaira1Aseesh Pandey2Santosh Kumar Chettri3Jarina Lepcha4Jhony Lepcha5Rajesh Joshi6Nakul Chettri7GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional CentreGB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional CentreGB Pant National Institute of Himalayan EnvironmentGB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional CentreGB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional CentreGB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional CentreGB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional CentreInternational Centre for Integrated Mountain DevelopmentAbstract Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is an economically important cash crop that provides a livelihood option for the rural communities in Sikkim Himalaya. However, its production has declined drastically over the past few decades due to climate change and other factors affecting the livelihood of marginal cardamom-dependent farmers in the region. Climate change causes a shift in elevational distributions of mountain species, and it is pivotal to understand its effect on yield and yield-related traits for economically important plant species like large cardamom. For this, we randomly studied 41 large cardamom cultivation sites in Sikkim (India) with elevations ranging between 975 and 2069 m asl and evaluated the yield-related traits (number of capsules per spike, capsule length, capsule width, fresh capsule weight, dry capsule weight, number of seeds per locule, fresh seed weight, and dry seed weight) in five cultivars (Dzongu Golsey, Sawney, Seremna, Ramsey, and Varlangey). We observed a significant variability (P < 0.05) for morphometric traits in each of the five cultivars cultivated in different elevations. The cultivation of low-elevation cultivars like Seremna and Dzongu Golsey (suitable in elevation < 975 m) has shifted upward to mid (975–1515 m) and high-elevation (> 1515 m), while cultivation of high-elevation Ramsey cultivar (suitable in elevation > 1515 m) has shifted downward (< 1515 m). The Dzongu Golsey, Sawney, and Seremna cultivated in mid-elevation (975–1515 m) performed better in terms of yield-related traits than the same cultivars cultivated in high-elevation (> 1515 m) and showed moderate to high negative correlation between elevation and yield-related traits, indicating the negative effect of elevation on their yield. Likewise, Ramsey and Varlangey cultivated in high elevation (> 1515 m) performed better than the one cultivated in mid-elevation (975–1515 m) and depicted moderate to high positive correlation between elevation and yield-related traits, suggesting a positive influence of elevation on their yield. Although there is an elevational shift in the cultivation of large cardamom cultivars, the elevation influences the performance of the large cardamom cultivars, and it also suggests cultivating the cultivars in their suitable elevation range for better productivity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47847-6 |
| spellingShingle | Patrush Lepcha Kailash S. Gaira Aseesh Pandey Santosh Kumar Chettri Jarina Lepcha Jhony Lepcha Rajesh Joshi Nakul Chettri Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya Scientific Reports |
| title | Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya |
| title_full | Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya |
| title_fullStr | Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya |
| title_short | Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya |
| title_sort | elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom amomum subulatum roxb cultivars in sikkim himalaya |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47847-6 |
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