Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study.
Burkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear.We conducted a case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma among children (aged < or = 15...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2008-06-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2423475?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811194009387794432 |
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| author | Nora Mutalima Elizabeth Molyneux Harold Jaffe Steve Kamiza Eric Borgstein Nyengo Mkandawire George Liomba Mkume Batumba Dimitrios Lagos Fiona Gratrix Chris Boshoff Delphine Casabonne Lucy M Carpenter Robert Newton |
| author_facet | Nora Mutalima Elizabeth Molyneux Harold Jaffe Steve Kamiza Eric Borgstein Nyengo Mkandawire George Liomba Mkume Batumba Dimitrios Lagos Fiona Gratrix Chris Boshoff Delphine Casabonne Lucy M Carpenter Robert Newton |
| author_sort | Nora Mutalima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Burkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear.We conducted a case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma among children (aged < or = 15 years) admitted to the pediatric oncology unit in Blantyre, Malawi between July 2005 and July 2006. Cases were 148 children diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and controls were 104 children admitted with non-malignant conditions or cancers other than hematological malignancies and Kaposi sarcoma. Interviews were conducted and serological samples tested for antibodies against HIV, EBV and malaria. Odds ratios for Burkitt lymphoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, and residential district. Cases had a mean age of 7.1 years and 60% were male. Cases were more likely than controls to be HIV positive (Odds ratio (OR)) = 12.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3 to 116.2, p = 0.03). ORs for Burkitt lymphoma increased with increasing antibody titers against EBV (p = 0.001) and malaria (p = 0.01). Among HIV negative participants, cases were thirteen times more likely than controls to have raised levels of both EBV and malaria antibodies (OR = 13.2; 95% CI 3.8 to 46.6; p = 0.001). Reported use of mosquito nets was associated with a lower risk of Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.9, p = 0.04).Our findings support prior evidence that EBV and malaria act jointly in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, suggesting that malaria prevention may decrease the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. HIV may also play a role in the etiology of this childhood tumor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:18:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30b95ed305b840458690d7a6213fe3bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:18:45Z |
| publishDate | 2008-06-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-30b95ed305b840458690d7a6213fe3bd2022-12-22T03:55:46ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032008-06-0136e250510.1371/journal.pone.0002505Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study.Nora MutalimaElizabeth MolyneuxHarold JaffeSteve KamizaEric BorgsteinNyengo MkandawireGeorge LiombaMkume BatumbaDimitrios LagosFiona GratrixChris BoshoffDelphine CasabonneLucy M CarpenterRobert NewtonBurkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear.We conducted a case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma among children (aged < or = 15 years) admitted to the pediatric oncology unit in Blantyre, Malawi between July 2005 and July 2006. Cases were 148 children diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and controls were 104 children admitted with non-malignant conditions or cancers other than hematological malignancies and Kaposi sarcoma. Interviews were conducted and serological samples tested for antibodies against HIV, EBV and malaria. Odds ratios for Burkitt lymphoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, and residential district. Cases had a mean age of 7.1 years and 60% were male. Cases were more likely than controls to be HIV positive (Odds ratio (OR)) = 12.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3 to 116.2, p = 0.03). ORs for Burkitt lymphoma increased with increasing antibody titers against EBV (p = 0.001) and malaria (p = 0.01). Among HIV negative participants, cases were thirteen times more likely than controls to have raised levels of both EBV and malaria antibodies (OR = 13.2; 95% CI 3.8 to 46.6; p = 0.001). Reported use of mosquito nets was associated with a lower risk of Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.9, p = 0.04).Our findings support prior evidence that EBV and malaria act jointly in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, suggesting that malaria prevention may decrease the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. HIV may also play a role in the etiology of this childhood tumor.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2423475?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Nora Mutalima Elizabeth Molyneux Harold Jaffe Steve Kamiza Eric Borgstein Nyengo Mkandawire George Liomba Mkume Batumba Dimitrios Lagos Fiona Gratrix Chris Boshoff Delphine Casabonne Lucy M Carpenter Robert Newton Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study. PLoS ONE |
| title | Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study. |
| title_full | Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study. |
| title_fullStr | Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study. |
| title_short | Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study. |
| title_sort | associations between burkitt lymphoma among children in malawi and infection with hiv ebv and malaria results from a case control study |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2423475?pdf=render |
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