Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons
This report addresses a way to reduce the usage of highly toxic lead in diagnostic X-ray shielding by developing a cost-effective, eco-friendly nano-tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) epoxy composite for low-weight aprons. Zinc (Zn)-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles of 20 to...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/10/3866 |
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| author | Sanjeevi Palanisami Vishnu Shankar Dhandapani Varuna Jayachandran Elango Muniappan Dongkyou Park Byungki Kim Kalpana Govindasami |
| author_facet | Sanjeevi Palanisami Vishnu Shankar Dhandapani Varuna Jayachandran Elango Muniappan Dongkyou Park Byungki Kim Kalpana Govindasami |
| author_sort | Sanjeevi Palanisami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This report addresses a way to reduce the usage of highly toxic lead in diagnostic X-ray shielding by developing a cost-effective, eco-friendly nano-tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) epoxy composite for low-weight aprons. Zinc (Zn)-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles of 20 to 400 nm were synthesized by an inexpensive and scalable chemical acid–precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were subjected to X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, high-resolution–transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and the results showed that doping plays a critical role in influencing the physico-chemical properties. The prepared nanoparticles were used as shielding material in this study, which were dispersed in a non-water soluble durable epoxy resin polymer matrix and the dispersed materials were coated over a rexine cloth using the drop-casting method. The X-ray shielding performance was evaluated by estimating the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ<sub>m</sub>), half value layer (HVL), and X-ray percentage of attenuation. Overall, an improvement in X-ray attenuation in the range of 40–100 kVp was observed for the undoped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and Zn-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, which was nearly equal to lead oxide-based aprons (reference material). At 40 kVp, the percentage of attenuation of 2% Zn doped WO<sub>3</sub> was 97% which was better than that of other prepared aprons. This study proves that 2% Zn doped WO<sub>3</sub> epoxy composite yields a better particle size distribution, μ<sub>m</sub>, and lower HVL value and hence it can be a convenient lead free X-ray shielding apron. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:32:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30c11cec009a48e59512b77504b7cccd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:32:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-30c11cec009a48e59512b77504b7cccd2023-11-18T02:17:23ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-05-011610386610.3390/ma16103866Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free ApronsSanjeevi Palanisami0Vishnu Shankar Dhandapani1Varuna Jayachandran2Elango Muniappan3Dongkyou Park4Byungki Kim5Kalpana Govindasami6Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, IndiaDepartment of Electromechanical Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, IndiaDepartment of Physics, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, IndiaDepartment of Electromechanical Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Science and Humanities, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641659, IndiaThis report addresses a way to reduce the usage of highly toxic lead in diagnostic X-ray shielding by developing a cost-effective, eco-friendly nano-tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) epoxy composite for low-weight aprons. Zinc (Zn)-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles of 20 to 400 nm were synthesized by an inexpensive and scalable chemical acid–precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were subjected to X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, high-resolution–transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and the results showed that doping plays a critical role in influencing the physico-chemical properties. The prepared nanoparticles were used as shielding material in this study, which were dispersed in a non-water soluble durable epoxy resin polymer matrix and the dispersed materials were coated over a rexine cloth using the drop-casting method. The X-ray shielding performance was evaluated by estimating the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ<sub>m</sub>), half value layer (HVL), and X-ray percentage of attenuation. Overall, an improvement in X-ray attenuation in the range of 40–100 kVp was observed for the undoped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and Zn-doped WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, which was nearly equal to lead oxide-based aprons (reference material). At 40 kVp, the percentage of attenuation of 2% Zn doped WO<sub>3</sub> was 97% which was better than that of other prepared aprons. This study proves that 2% Zn doped WO<sub>3</sub> epoxy composite yields a better particle size distribution, μ<sub>m</sub>, and lower HVL value and hence it can be a convenient lead free X-ray shielding apron.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/10/3866Zn/WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticlesepoxy-nano compositelead free apronsphysical characterizationX-ray attenuation analysis |
| spellingShingle | Sanjeevi Palanisami Vishnu Shankar Dhandapani Varuna Jayachandran Elango Muniappan Dongkyou Park Byungki Kim Kalpana Govindasami Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons Materials Zn/WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles epoxy-nano composite lead free aprons physical characterization X-ray attenuation analysis |
| title | Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons |
| title_full | Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons |
| title_fullStr | Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons |
| title_short | Investigation on Physico Chemical and X-ray Shielding Performance of Zinc Doped Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Epoxy Composite for Light Weight Lead Free Aprons |
| title_sort | investigation on physico chemical and x ray shielding performance of zinc doped nano wo sub 3 sub epoxy composite for light weight lead free aprons |
| topic | Zn/WO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles epoxy-nano composite lead free aprons physical characterization X-ray attenuation analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/10/3866 |
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