A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting
Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells. Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades, it remains challenging...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Military Medical Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-022-00429-5 |
| _version_ | 1811292110825979904 |
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| author | He-Qi Xu Jia-Chen Liu Zheng-Yi Zhang Chang-Xue Xu |
| author_facet | He-Qi Xu Jia-Chen Liu Zheng-Yi Zhang Chang-Xue Xu |
| author_sort | He-Qi Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells. Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades, it remains challenging for 3D bioprinting to artificially fabricate functional tissues/organs with high post-printing cell viability and functionality since cells endure various types of stress during the bioprinting process. Generally, cell viability which is affected by several factors including the stress and the environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, is mainly determined by the magnitude and duration of the stress imposed on the cells with poorer cell viability under a higher stress and a longer duration condition. The maintenance of high cell viability especially for those vulnerable cells, such as stem cells which are more sensitive to multiple stresses, is a key initial step to ensure the functionality of the artificial tissues/organs. In addition, maintaining the pluripotency of the cells such as proliferation and differentiation abilities is also essential for the 3D-bioprinted tissues/organs to be similar to native tissues/organs. This review discusses various pathways triggering cell damage and the major factors affecting cell viability during different bioprinting processes, summarizes the studies on cell viabilities and functionalities in different bioprinting processes, and presents several potential approaches to protect cells from injuries to ensure high cell viability and functionality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:40:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30c68b0e36b44b7c9f1298fc1ebea45c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-9369 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:40:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Military Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-30c68b0e36b44b7c9f1298fc1ebea45c2022-12-22T03:02:01ZengBMCMilitary Medical Research2054-93692022-12-019111510.1186/s40779-022-00429-5A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprintingHe-Qi Xu0Jia-Chen Liu1Zheng-Yi Zhang2Chang-Xue Xu3Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityDepartment of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech UniversitySchool of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityAbstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells. Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades, it remains challenging for 3D bioprinting to artificially fabricate functional tissues/organs with high post-printing cell viability and functionality since cells endure various types of stress during the bioprinting process. Generally, cell viability which is affected by several factors including the stress and the environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, is mainly determined by the magnitude and duration of the stress imposed on the cells with poorer cell viability under a higher stress and a longer duration condition. The maintenance of high cell viability especially for those vulnerable cells, such as stem cells which are more sensitive to multiple stresses, is a key initial step to ensure the functionality of the artificial tissues/organs. In addition, maintaining the pluripotency of the cells such as proliferation and differentiation abilities is also essential for the 3D-bioprinted tissues/organs to be similar to native tissues/organs. This review discusses various pathways triggering cell damage and the major factors affecting cell viability during different bioprinting processes, summarizes the studies on cell viabilities and functionalities in different bioprinting processes, and presents several potential approaches to protect cells from injuries to ensure high cell viability and functionality.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-022-00429-5Three-dimensional bioprintingCell damageShear stressCell viabilityCell functionality |
| spellingShingle | He-Qi Xu Jia-Chen Liu Zheng-Yi Zhang Chang-Xue Xu A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting Military Medical Research Three-dimensional bioprinting Cell damage Shear stress Cell viability Cell functionality |
| title | A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting |
| title_full | A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting |
| title_fullStr | A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting |
| title_full_unstemmed | A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting |
| title_short | A review on cell damage, viability, and functionality during 3D bioprinting |
| title_sort | review on cell damage viability and functionality during 3d bioprinting |
| topic | Three-dimensional bioprinting Cell damage Shear stress Cell viability Cell functionality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-022-00429-5 |
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