Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum
Abstract A study on voltammetric analysis of blood serum diluted in a phosphate buffer is presented using advanced square-wave voltammetry at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. The results demonstrate that even in a complex medium like human blood serum, electrochemical characterization can...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34350-1 |
| _version_ | 1797818049694269440 |
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| author | Pavlinka Kokoskarova Leon Stojanov Kosta Najkov Natasha Ristovska Tatjana Ruskovska Sławomira Skrzypek Valentin Mirceski |
| author_facet | Pavlinka Kokoskarova Leon Stojanov Kosta Najkov Natasha Ristovska Tatjana Ruskovska Sławomira Skrzypek Valentin Mirceski |
| author_sort | Pavlinka Kokoskarova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A study on voltammetric analysis of blood serum diluted in a phosphate buffer is presented using advanced square-wave voltammetry at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. The results demonstrate that even in a complex medium like human blood serum, electrochemical characterization can be achieved through the use of advanced voltammetric techniques in conjunction with an appropriate commercially available electrode, such as the edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode, which boosts superior electrocatalytic properties. Without undergoing any chemical treatment of the serum sample, the square-wave voltammetry technique reveals, for the first time, the electrode reactions of uric acid, bilirubin, and albumin in a single experiment, as represented by well-defined, separated, and intense voltammetric signals. All electrode processes are surface-confined, indicating that the edge plane sites of the electrode serve as an ideal platform for the competitive adsorption of electroactive species, despite the extensive chemical complexity of the serum samples. The speed and differential nature of square-wave voltammetry are crucial for obtaining an outstanding resolution of the voltammetric peaks, maintaining the quasi-reversible nature of the underlying electrode processes, while reducing the impact of follow-up chemical reactions that are coupled to the initial electron transfer for all three detected species, and minimizing fouling of the electrode surface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:02:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30cd1845fd2546af9af37fb5491ce13e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:02:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-30cd1845fd2546af9af37fb5491ce13e2023-05-28T11:14:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-05-0113111110.1038/s41598-023-34350-1Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serumPavlinka Kokoskarova0Leon Stojanov1Kosta Najkov2Natasha Ristovska3Tatjana Ruskovska4Sławomira Skrzypek5Valentin Mirceski6Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev UniversityInstitute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss Cyril and Methodius” University in SkopjeInstitute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss Cyril and Methodius” University in SkopjeInstitute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss Cyril and Methodius” University in SkopjeFaculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev UniversityDepartment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of LodzInstitute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss Cyril and Methodius” University in SkopjeAbstract A study on voltammetric analysis of blood serum diluted in a phosphate buffer is presented using advanced square-wave voltammetry at an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. The results demonstrate that even in a complex medium like human blood serum, electrochemical characterization can be achieved through the use of advanced voltammetric techniques in conjunction with an appropriate commercially available electrode, such as the edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode, which boosts superior electrocatalytic properties. Without undergoing any chemical treatment of the serum sample, the square-wave voltammetry technique reveals, for the first time, the electrode reactions of uric acid, bilirubin, and albumin in a single experiment, as represented by well-defined, separated, and intense voltammetric signals. All electrode processes are surface-confined, indicating that the edge plane sites of the electrode serve as an ideal platform for the competitive adsorption of electroactive species, despite the extensive chemical complexity of the serum samples. The speed and differential nature of square-wave voltammetry are crucial for obtaining an outstanding resolution of the voltammetric peaks, maintaining the quasi-reversible nature of the underlying electrode processes, while reducing the impact of follow-up chemical reactions that are coupled to the initial electron transfer for all three detected species, and minimizing fouling of the electrode surface.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34350-1 |
| spellingShingle | Pavlinka Kokoskarova Leon Stojanov Kosta Najkov Natasha Ristovska Tatjana Ruskovska Sławomira Skrzypek Valentin Mirceski Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum Scientific Reports |
| title | Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum |
| title_full | Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum |
| title_fullStr | Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum |
| title_short | Square-wave voltammetry of human blood serum |
| title_sort | square wave voltammetry of human blood serum |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34350-1 |
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