Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares
Young solar-type stars frequently produce superflares, serving as a unique window into the young Sun-Earth environments. Large solar flares are closely linked to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with filament/prominence eruptions, but observational evidence for stellar superflares remains sc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7c |
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| author | Kosuke Namekata Vladimir S. Airapetian Pascal Petit Hiroyuki Maehara Kai Ikuta Shun Inoue Yuta Notsu Rishi R. Paudel Zaven Arzoumanian Antoaneta A. Avramova-Boncheva Keith Gendreau Sandra V. Jeffers Stephen Marsden Julien Morin Coralie Neiner Aline A. Vidotto Kazunari Shibata |
| author_facet | Kosuke Namekata Vladimir S. Airapetian Pascal Petit Hiroyuki Maehara Kai Ikuta Shun Inoue Yuta Notsu Rishi R. Paudel Zaven Arzoumanian Antoaneta A. Avramova-Boncheva Keith Gendreau Sandra V. Jeffers Stephen Marsden Julien Morin Coralie Neiner Aline A. Vidotto Kazunari Shibata |
| author_sort | Kosuke Namekata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Young solar-type stars frequently produce superflares, serving as a unique window into the young Sun-Earth environments. Large solar flares are closely linked to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with filament/prominence eruptions, but observational evidence for stellar superflares remains scarce. Here, we present a 12-day, multiwavelength campaign observation of young solar-type star EK Draconis (G1.5V, 50–120 Myr age) utilizing the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR, and the Seimei telescope. The star has previously exhibited blueshifted H α absorptions as evidence for a filament eruption associated with a superflare. Our simultaneous optical and X-ray observations identified three superflares of 1.5 × 10 ^33 –1.2 × 10 ^34 erg. We report the first discovery of two prominence eruptions on a solar-type star, observed as blueshifted H α emissions at speeds of 690 and 430 km s ^−1 and masses of 1.1 × 10 ^19 and 3.2 × 10 ^17 g, respectively. The faster, massive event shows a candidate of post-flare X-ray dimming with the amplitude of up to ∼10%. Several observational aspects consistently point to the occurrence of a fast CME associated with this event. The comparative analysis of the estimated length scales of flare loops, prominences, possible dimming region, and starspots provides the overall picture of the eruptive phenomena. Furthermore, the energy partition of the observed superflares in the optical and X-ray bands is consistent with flares from the Sun, M-dwarfs, and close binaries, yielding the unified empirical relations. These discoveries provide profound implications of the impact of these eruptive events on early Venus, Earth, and Mars and young exoplanets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:45:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30d269fbbff04ea8bedbe27316345f0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:45:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-30d269fbbff04ea8bedbe27316345f0f2024-01-11T09:50:58ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0196112310.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7cMultiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with SuperflaresKosuke Namekata0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-9485Vladimir S. Airapetian1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-0588Pascal Petit2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-9222Hiroyuki Maehara3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-0811Kai Ikuta4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-057XShun Inoue5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-304XYuta Notsu6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-0849Rishi R. Paudel7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-3570Zaven Arzoumanian8Antoaneta A. Avramova-Boncheva9https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5099-8070Keith Gendreau10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-2819Sandra V. Jeffers11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-4779Stephen Marsden12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-8887Julien Morin13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-6901Coralie Neiner14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1978-9809Aline A. Vidotto15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-2675Kazunari Shibata16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-7889ALMA Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , NINS, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan ; kosuke.namekata@astro.nao.ac.jp, namekata@kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jpSellers Exoplanetary Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD, USA; Department of Physics, American University , Washington, DC, USAInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, CNES, 14 avenue Édouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, FranceOkayama Branch Office, Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , NINS, Kamogata, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, JapanDepartment of Multidisciplinary Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, JapanDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University , Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, JapanLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; National Solar Observatory , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD, USAInstitute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Boulevard, 1784 Sofia, BulgariaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD, USAMax Planck Institute for Solar System Research , Justus-von-Liebig-weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, GermanyCentre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, AustraliaLUPM, Université de Montpellier , CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, FranceLESIA, Paris Observatory, PSL University , CNRS, Sorbonne University, Université Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, FranceLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsKwasan Observatory, Kyoto University , Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8471, Japan; School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University , Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, JapanYoung solar-type stars frequently produce superflares, serving as a unique window into the young Sun-Earth environments. Large solar flares are closely linked to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with filament/prominence eruptions, but observational evidence for stellar superflares remains scarce. Here, we present a 12-day, multiwavelength campaign observation of young solar-type star EK Draconis (G1.5V, 50–120 Myr age) utilizing the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR, and the Seimei telescope. The star has previously exhibited blueshifted H α absorptions as evidence for a filament eruption associated with a superflare. Our simultaneous optical and X-ray observations identified three superflares of 1.5 × 10 ^33 –1.2 × 10 ^34 erg. We report the first discovery of two prominence eruptions on a solar-type star, observed as blueshifted H α emissions at speeds of 690 and 430 km s ^−1 and masses of 1.1 × 10 ^19 and 3.2 × 10 ^17 g, respectively. The faster, massive event shows a candidate of post-flare X-ray dimming with the amplitude of up to ∼10%. Several observational aspects consistently point to the occurrence of a fast CME associated with this event. The comparative analysis of the estimated length scales of flare loops, prominences, possible dimming region, and starspots provides the overall picture of the eruptive phenomena. Furthermore, the energy partition of the observed superflares in the optical and X-ray bands is consistent with flares from the Sun, M-dwarfs, and close binaries, yielding the unified empirical relations. These discoveries provide profound implications of the impact of these eruptive events on early Venus, Earth, and Mars and young exoplanets.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7cStellar flaresStellar coronal mass ejectionsStellar coronal dimmingSolar prominencesSolar filament eruptionsOptical flares |
| spellingShingle | Kosuke Namekata Vladimir S. Airapetian Pascal Petit Hiroyuki Maehara Kai Ikuta Shun Inoue Yuta Notsu Rishi R. Paudel Zaven Arzoumanian Antoaneta A. Avramova-Boncheva Keith Gendreau Sandra V. Jeffers Stephen Marsden Julien Morin Coralie Neiner Aline A. Vidotto Kazunari Shibata Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares The Astrophysical Journal Stellar flares Stellar coronal mass ejections Stellar coronal dimming Solar prominences Solar filament eruptions Optical flares |
| title | Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares |
| title_full | Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares |
| title_fullStr | Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares |
| title_short | Multiwavelength Campaign Observations of a Young Solar-type Star, EK Draconis. I. Discovery of Prominence Eruptions Associated with Superflares |
| title_sort | multiwavelength campaign observations of a young solar type star ek draconis i discovery of prominence eruptions associated with superflares |
| topic | Stellar flares Stellar coronal mass ejections Stellar coronal dimming Solar prominences Solar filament eruptions Optical flares |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7c |
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